Patterns of genomic differentiation between ecologically differentiated M and S forms of Anopheles gambiae in West and Central Africa.

Patterns of genomic differentiation between ecologically differentiated M and S forms of Anopheles gambiae in West and Central Africa.
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DOI:
10.1093/gbe/evs095
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Besansky NJ
Besansky NJ
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reidenbach KR;Neafsey DE;Costantini C;Sagnon N;Simard F;Ragland GJ;Egan SP;Feder JL;Muskavitch MA;Besansky NJ

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冈比亚按蚊M和S被认为是通过适应不同的幼虫栖息地进行生态物种形成。为了更好地了解遗传决定因素和形成其分歧的进化过程,我们使用了40万个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)基因分型阵列来表征来自西非和中非的四个地理配对的M和S人群样本之间的基因组分化模式。与最近基于更有限的基因组或地理采样的研究一致,分歧并不局限于少数孤立的“物种形成岛”。分歧在基因组中广泛存在,并且是异质的。此外,我们发现一致的模式的基因组差异在采样点和相互排斥的聚类M和S人口使用遗传距离的基础上所有400,000个SNP,这意味着M和S正在整个研究区域共同发展。然而,聚类的本地M和S人口使用遗传距离的基础上,从基因组区域的低分化的SNP是一致的,最近的基因流和基因渗入。为了解释这些数据,并调和明显的矛盾,在报告的模式M-S基因组的分歧和杂交,我们建议,外在的生态为基础的交配后障碍的强度不同,环境条件的波动或变化。
Anopheles gambiae M and S are thought to be undergoing ecological speciation by adapting to different larval habitats. Toward an improved understanding of the genetic determinants and evolutionary processes shaping their divergence, we used a 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array to characterize patterns of genomic differentiation between four geographically paired M and S population samples from West and Central Africa. In keeping with recent studies based on more limited genomic or geographic sampling, divergence was not confined to a few isolated “speciation islands.” Divergence was both widespread across the genome and heterogeneous. Moreover, we find consistent patterns of genomic divergence across sampling sites and mutually exclusive clustering of M and S populations using genetic distances based on all 400,000 SNPs, implying that M and S are evolving collectively across the study area. Nevertheless, the clustering of local M and S populations using genetic distances based on SNPs from genomic regions of low differentiation is consistent with recent gene flow and introgression. To account for these data and reconcile apparent paradoxes in reported patterns of M–S genomic divergence and hybridization, we propose that extrinsic ecologically based postmating barriers vary in strength as environmental conditions fluctuate or change.
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