Ginkgo biloba responds to herbivory by activating early signaling and direct defenses.
Ginkgo biloba responds to herbivory by activating early signaling and direct defenses.
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Ginkgo Biloba通过激活早期信号和直接防御能力来应对草食。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0032822
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bertea CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mohanta TK;Occhipinti A;Atsbaha Zebelo S;Foti M;Fliegmann J;Bossi S;Maffei ME;Bertea CM
银杏（Ginkgo biloba，银杏科）是最古老的活种子植物之一，被视为活化石。G.由于存在有毒的叶化合物，银杏对许多病原体和食草动物具有广谱的抗性或耐受性。关于G. biloba在草食动物上。本研究的目的是评估广食性斜纹夜蛾取食是否能够诱导G. biloba通过评估早期和晚期反应。机械伤害和S. littoralis的变化包括血浆跨膜电位（Vm）的变化、胞浆钙浓度（[Ca 2 +]cyt）和H2 O2产生的时程变化、与萜类化合物和类黄酮生物合成相关的基因的调节、直接防御化合物的诱导以及挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的释放。结果表明，G. biloba响应于hebivory具有显著的Vm去极化，这与[Ca 2 +]cyt和H2 O2的显著增加有关。一些防御基因受到草食动物的调控，包括那些编码活性氧清除酶和萜类化合物和黄酮类化合物的合成。代谢组学分析显示，食草动物诱导的几种黄酮类化合物和挥发性有机化合物的生产。令人惊讶的是，没有显着的诱导草食动物被发现的两个最具特征的G。银杏内酯类生物活性化合物;银杏内酯和白果内酯。通过对G.通过将银杏植物与食草动物进行比较，我们提供了第一个证据，证明这种“活化石”植物对食草动物的防御机制与最近的被子植物相同。
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. G. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. Little is known about early and late events occurring in G. biloba upon herbivory. The aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory by the generalist Spodoptera littoralis was able to induce early signaling and direct defense in G. biloba by evaluating early and late responses. Early and late responses in mechanically wounded leaves and in leaves damaged by S. littoralis included plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) variations, time-course changes in both cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) and H2O2 production, the regulation of genes correlated to terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, the induction of direct defense compounds, and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results show that G. biloba responded to hebivory with a significant Vm depolarization which was associated to significant increases in both [Ca2+]cyt and H2O2. Several defense genes were regulated by herbivory, including those coding for ROS scavenging enzymes and the synthesis of terpenoids and flavonoids. Metabolomic analyses revealed the herbivore-induced production of several flavonoids and VOCs. Surprisingly, no significant induction by herbivory was found for two of the most characteristic G. biloba classes of bioactive compounds; ginkgolides and bilobalides. By studying early and late responses of G. biloba to herbivory, we provided the first evidence that this “living fossil” plant responds to herbivory with the same defense mechanisms adopted by the most recent angiosperms.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Imbiscuso, Gloria;Trotta, Antonio;Bossi, Simone
通讯作者：
Bossi, Simone
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Brenner ED;Katari MS;Stevenson DW;Rudd SA;Douglas AW;Moss WN;Twigg RW;Runko SJ;Stellari GM;McCombie WR;Coruzzi GM
通讯作者：
Coruzzi GM
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Ding, S.;Dudley, E.;Brenton, A. G.
通讯作者：
Brenton, A. G.
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Boursiac, Yann;Boudet, Julie;Maurel, Christophe
通讯作者：
Maurel, Christophe
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Anttila, Ulla;Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta;Ruuhola, Teija
通讯作者：
Ruuhola, Teija