Arm-specific dynamics of chromosome evolution in malaria mosquitoes.
Arm-specific dynamics of chromosome evolution in malaria mosquitoes.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-11-91
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发表时间：
2011-04-07
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sharakhov IV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharakhova MV;Xia A;Leman SC;Sharakhov IV
Cellia亚属的疟疾蚊种具有丰富的与环境变量相关的倒置多态性。多态性倒位倾向于聚集在冈比亚按蚊的染色体臂 2R 和 2L 上，而不是聚集在 X、3R 和 3L 上，以及其他物种的同源臂上。然而，目前尚不清楚细胞亚属远缘物种的同源染色体臂上的多态倒位是否非随机地共享相似的基因组。目前还不清楚倒位不良染色体臂的进化断裂是否受到限制。为了更好地了解基因组重排率的臂特异性差异，我们比较了冈比亚按蚊、福内斯按蚊和斯蒂芬按蚊之间的基因顺序并建立了同线性关系。我们提供的证据表明，这三个物种 2R 臂上的多态性倒位非随机捕获了相似的基因组。基因的这种非随机分布不仅是祖先基因顺序保存的结果，也是基因顺序广泛重组的结果，在独立起源的多态性倒位中创建了同源基因的新组合。对保守基因顺序分布的统计分析表明，常染色体臂对产生进化断点的耐受性不同。进化最快的 2R 常染色体臂富含仅在两个物种之间保守的基因块。相比之下，所有已识别的同线性块都保留在 An 缓慢进化的 3R 臂上。冈比亚和安的同源臂上。 funestus 和 An.斯蒂芬西。我们的结果表明，当远距离物种暴露于相似的环境压力时，自然选择有利于多态性反转中的特定基因组合。这些知识可能有助于发现与多个物种的倒位多态性与表型变异相关的基因。我们的数据支持蚊子进化过程中基因顺序破坏率的染色体臂特异性。我们得出的结论是，断点区域的分布在缓慢进化的臂上是进化保守的，并且在快速进化的臂上往往是谱系特异性的。
The malaria mosquito species of subgenus Cellia have rich inversion polymorphisms that correlate with environmental variables. Polymorphic inversions tend to cluster on the chromosomal arms 2R and 2L but not on X, 3R and 3L in Anopheles gambiae and homologous arms in other species. However, it is unknown whether polymorphic inversions on homologous chromosomal arms of distantly related species from subgenus Cellia nonrandomly share similar sets of genes. It is also unclear if the evolutionary breakage of inversion-poor chromosomal arms is under constraints. To gain a better understanding of the arm-specific differences in the rates of genome rearrangements, we compared gene orders and established syntenic relationships among Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, and Anopheles stephensi. We provided evidence that polymorphic inversions on the 2R arms in these three species nonrandomly captured similar sets of genes. This nonrandom distribution of genes was not only a result of preservation of ancestral gene order but also an outcome of extensive reshuffling of gene orders that created new combinations of homologous genes within independently originated polymorphic inversions. The statistical analysis of distribution of conserved gene orders demonstrated that the autosomal arms differ in their tolerance to generating evolutionary breakpoints. The fastest evolving 2R autosomal arm was enriched with gene blocks conserved between only a pair of species. In contrast, all identified syntenic blocks were preserved on the slowly evolving 3R arm of An. gambiae and on the homologous arms of An. funestus and An. stephensi. Our results suggest that natural selection favors specific gene combinations within polymorphic inversions when distant species are exposed to similar environmental pressures. This knowledge could be useful for the discovery of genes responsible for an association of inversion polymorphisms with phenotypic variations in multiple species. Our data support the chromosomal arm specificity in rates of gene order disruption during mosquito evolution. We conclude that the distribution of breakpoint regions is evolutionary conserved on slowly evolving arms and tends to be lineage-specific on rapidly evolving arms.
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