Elevated cortisol during play is associated with age and social engagement in children with autism.
Elevated cortisol during play is associated with age and social engagement in children with autism.
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DOI：
10.1186/2040-2392-1-13
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发表时间：
2010-09-27
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Mendoza S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corbett BA;Schupp CW;Simon D;Ryan N;Mendoza S
自闭症的显着特征是相互社交互动受损。虽然孩子们发现社交互动可以减轻压力，但许多自闭症儿童可能会发现社交互动会产生压力。目前的研究旨在通过在生态有效的 20 分钟游乐场范例中将自闭症儿童与神经正常同龄人进行比较，来检查皮质醇测量的压力反应性。该实验涉及三个孩子：一个患有自闭症的孩子、一个神经正常的孩子和一个同伙。参与者包括 45 名 8 至 12 岁的青春期前男性（21 名自闭症患者和 24 名神经正常儿童）。自闭症儿童的主动发起较少（χ2(1) = 4.03，P = 0.044），更多地拒绝他人主动发起（χ2(1) = 7.10，P = 0.008），并且在运动（F(1,43) = 16.7，P = 0.0002）和合作（F(1,43) = 14.78，P = 0.0004) 播放。对皮质醇值的重复测量分析揭示了一个显着模型（χ2(4) = 22.76，P < 0.0005），其中包括测量时间、诊断和年龄作为主要影响以及诊断和年龄之间的交互作用。因此，随着自闭症儿童年龄的增长，他们的皮质醇水平会升高，而年龄并不会改变典型儿童的预期皮质醇水平。压力反应性与更多的运动（χ2(3) = 12.3，P = 0.006）和合作（χ2（3）= 8.24，P = 0.04）游戏的外围设备游戏以及运动（χ2（1）= 5.52，P = 0.018）和合作游戏（χ2（1）= 4.53，P = 0.018）期间非语言社交技能的减少相关。 0.033）。总体而言，与正常发育中的同龄人相比，自闭症儿童在玩耍时参与的社交活动较少，互动时间也较少。同伴互动模式导致许多自闭症儿童的皮质醇水平显着升高。自闭症群体中出现了基于发育（老年）、生物（皮质醇反应）和行为模式（周围群体互动）的独特模式。在自愿参与互动的儿童中观察到皮质醇反应增强；因此，它不支持应对社会威胁的概念。相反，它似乎反映了随之而来的新陈代谢准备和参与社交活动所增强的唤醒力。数据表明，许多自闭症儿童在相对良性的社交情境中会激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺反应，这似乎是年龄和社交参与水平的函数。研究结果表明，除了基本的社交技能之外，还需要向自闭症青少年教授应对策略。
The hallmark characteristic of autism is impaired reciprocal social interaction. While children find social interaction stress-reducing, many children with autism may find social interaction stress-inducing. The current study was designed to examine stress responsivity as measured by cortisol by comparing children with autism to neurotypical peers during an ecologically valid 20-minute playground paradigm. The experiment involved sets of three children: a child with autism, a neurotypical child, and a confederate. Participants included 45 prepubescent males between 8 and 12 years of age (21 with autism and 24 neurotypical children). Children with autism showed fewer initiations (χ²(1) = 4.03, P = 0.044), rejected initiations from others more (χ²(1) = 7.10, P = 0.008) and spent less time interacting during motor (F(1,43) = 16.7, P = 0.0002) and cooperative (F(1,43) = 14.78, P = 0.0004) play. Repeated measures analysis of the cortisol values revealed a significant model (χ²(4) = 22.76, P < 0.0005) that included time of measurement, diagnosis and age as main effects and an interaction between diagnosis and age. Thus, as age increased among children with autism, they experienced enhanced cortisol levels while age did not modify expected cortisol levels for typical children. Stress responsivity was associated with more peripheral equipment play for motor (χ²(3) = 12.3, P = 0.006) and cooperative (χ²(3) = 8.24, P = 0.04) play as well as reduced nonverbal social skills during motor (χ²(1) = 5.52, P = 0.018) and cooperative play (χ²(1) = 4.53, P = 0.033). Overall, children with autism engaged in fewer social overtures and spent less time interacting than typically developing peers during play. The peer interaction paradigm resulted in significantly higher levels of cortisol in many children with autism. Distinct patterns emerged within the autism group based on developmental (older), biological (cortisol responder) and behavioral patterns (peripheral group interaction). The enhanced cortisol response was observed in children who voluntarily engaged in interaction; thus, it does not support the notion of a response to social threat. Rather, it appears to reflect attendant metabolic preparedness and enhanced arousal from engaging socially. The data suggest that many children with autism activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses in relatively benign social situations, which appears to be a function of age and level of social engagement. The findings support the need to teach coping strategies in addition to fundamental social skills to youth with autism.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Carter, C. Sue
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Corbett, B. A.;Mendoza, S. P.;Levine, S.
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Corbett, Blythe A.;Carmean, Vanessa;Ravizza, Susan;Wendelken, Carter;Henry, Melissa L.;Carter, Cameron;Rivera, Susan M.
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通讯作者：
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比较自闭症儿童的皮质醇，压力和感觉敏感性。
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Corbett, Blythe A.;Schupp, Clayton W.;Levine, Seymour;Mendoza, Sally
通讯作者：
Mendoza, Sally