Aversive motivation and cognitive control.

Aversive motivation and cognitive control.
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厌恶动机与认知控制。

DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.016
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发表时间:
2022-03
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Braver TS
Braver TS
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yee DM;Leng X;Shenhav A;Braver TS

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厌恶动机在推动个人发挥认知控制方面起着重要作用。但是,归因于厌恶激励措施的行为反应的复杂性为对这种动机对照相互作用的神经机制有清晰的理解带来了重大挑战。我们回顾动物学习,系统神经科学和计算文献,以强调实验范式的重要性,这些范式既结合了动机上下文的操纵和混合的动机组成部分(例如,对食欲和厌恶激励措施的捆绑)。具体而言,我们假设要了解对认知控制分配的厌恶激励效应,一个关键的上下文因素是这种激励措施是否与负面强化或惩罚有关。我们进一步说明了在实验范式中包含混合动机成分的方式如何使测量对认知控制的厌恶影响的精确度提高。关于操纵和评估不同动机维度的操纵和评估的实验和理论重点提高了,有望提高对动机和认知控制相互作用的神经,单胺能和计算机制的理解。
Aversive motivation plays a prominent role in driving individuals to exert cognitive control. However, the complexity of behavioral responses attributed to aversive incentives creates significant challenges for developing a clear understanding of the neural mechanisms of this motivation-control interaction. We review the animal learning, systems neuroscience, and computational literatures to highlight the importance of experimental paradigms that incorporate both motivational context manipulations and mixed motivational components (e.g., bundling of appetitive and aversive incentives). Specifically, we postulate that to understand aversive incentive effects on cognitive control allocation, a critical contextual factor is whether such incentives are associated with negative reinforcement or punishment. We further illustrate how the inclusion of mixed motivational components in experimental paradigms enables increased precision in the measurement of aversive influences on cognitive control. A sharpened experimental and theoretical focus regarding the manipulation and assessment of distinct motivational dimensions promises to advance understanding of the neural, monoaminergic, and computational mechanisms that underlie the interaction of motivation and cognitive control.
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