New concepts of microbial translocation in the neonatal intestine: mechanisms and prevention.
New concepts of microbial translocation in the neonatal intestine: mechanisms and prevention.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clp.2010.05.006
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发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Sherman MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sherman MP
对于极低出生体重（VLBW，<1500 克）婴儿，迟发性新生儿败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎会延长住院时间，增加护理费用，并使婴儿面临更大的发病和死亡风险。长期随访研究表明，这些感染会显着增加神经残疾的风险。 VLBW 婴儿迟发性败血症 [LOS] 和坏死性小肠结肠炎 [NEC] 的发病率分别约为 20% 和 5-10%，需要新的预防方法。长期以来人们一直认为 LOS 和 NEC 是细菌易位的结果 [BT]。细菌易位被定义为本地肠道细菌通过粘膜侵入正常无菌组织。该定义已扩展到包括细菌毒素或抗原，它们会损害肠上皮并进入循环，导致全身炎症反应。通过肠粘膜的局部 BT 或肠上皮的毒素相关损伤与 NEC 相关，而肠道以外的 BT 会导致败血症和多器官衰竭。本章介绍：1) 肠道微生物群的发育，2) 胃肠道 [GI] 新生上皮内层及其粘膜下组织的不成熟如何介导 BT，3) 加速未成熟胃肠道屏障功能的策略，4) 共生菌的营养和定植对未成熟肠道对 BT 敏感性的影响。
In very-low-birth weight (VLBW, <1500 gram) infants, late-onset neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis prolong the hospital stay, increase the cost of care, and place the infant at greater risk for morbidity and mortality. Long-term follow-up studies have demonstrated that these infections significantly increase the risk of neurological disabilities. With incidences of ~20% and 5–10% respectively, late-onset sepsis [LOS] and necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] in VLBW infants need new preventive approaches. A long-held belief is that LOS and NEC result from bacterial translocation [BT]. Bacterial translocation is defined as invasion of indigenous intestinal bacteria through the mucosa into normally sterile tissue. This definition has been extended to include bacterial toxins or antigens, which damage intestinal epithelia and enter the circulation resulting in a systemic inflammatory response. Local BT through the intestinal mucosa, or toxin-related injury of intestinal epithelia, is associated with NEC, while BT beyond the intestine causes sepsis and multi-organ failure. This chapter describes: 1) development of the intestinal microbiota, 2) how immaturity of the nascent epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal [GI] tract and its sub-mucosal tissues mediate BT, 3) strategies to accelerate barrier functions in the immature GI tract and 4) the effects of nutrition and colonization by commensal bacteria on the susceptibility of the immature intestine to BT.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Duffy, LC
通讯作者：
Duffy, LC
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Barrat, Emmanuel;Michel, Catherine;Darmaun, Dominique
通讯作者：
Darmaun, Dominique
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Caplan, M. S.
通讯作者：
Caplan, M. S.
DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.90227.2008
发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
Madsen, Karen L.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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