Occupational Inflexibility and Women's Employment During the Transition to Parenthood.
Occupational Inflexibility and Women's Employment During the Transition to Parenthood.
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向生育过渡期间的职业不灵活性和妇女就业。
DOI：
10.1215/00703370-9373598
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Musick K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishizuka P;Musick K
典型的美国工作场所几乎没有适应家庭的变化，仍然受到每周40小时或更多工作时间的约束。职业中的工作结构和报酬方式决定了劳动力市场中的性别不平等，在向父母过渡的关键时刻，这一点可能尤其如此。这项研究提供了新的证据，表明职业工作时间的可承受性如何塑造新妈妈的就业。它使用固定效应方法和个人层面的数据，来自全国代表性的小组的收入和计划参与调查（SIPP，N= 2 239名妇女）合并职业特征，从美国社区调查（ACS）。我们发现，在产前职业的妇女，更高的份额每周工作40小时或更长的工作时间和更高的工资溢价显着不太可能被雇用后出生。这些关联的幅度很小，对男性来说没有统计学意义，而对无子女女性的安慰剂回归显示，职业胜任力和随后的就业之间没有关联。结果表明，个人就业决策如何受到劳动力市场结构以及有关养家糊口和照顾家庭的持续性别文化规范的共同约束。
The typical U.S. workplace has adapted little to changes in the family and remains bound to norms of a 40-or-more hour work week. How jobs are structured and remunerated within occupations shapes gender inequality in the labor market, and this may be particularly true at the critical juncture of the transition to parenthood. This study provides novel evidence showing how occupational work hour inflexibility shapes new mothers’ employment. It uses a fixed effects approach and individual-level data from nationally representative panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP, N=2,239 women) merged with occupational characteristics from the American Community Survey (ACS). We find that women in pre-birth occupations with higher shares working 40 or more hours per week and higher wage premiums to longer work hours are significantly less likely to be employed post-birth. These associations are small in magnitude and not statistically significant for men, and placebo regressions with childless women show no associations between occupational inflexibility and subsequent employment. Results illustrate how individual employment decisions are jointly constrained by the structure of the labor market and persistent gendered cultural norms about breadwinning and caregiving.
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