The effects of early life stress on impulsivity.

The effects of early life stress on impulsivity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104638
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发表时间:
2022-06
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Bangasser, Debra A.
Bangasser, Debra A.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sanchez, Evelyn Ordones;Bangasser, Debra A.

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冲动性升高是各种精神疾病的共同症状,例如物质使用障碍、双相情感障碍和注意力缺陷/多动障碍。然而,冲动并不是一个单一的结构,冲动行为分为两个子类:冲动行动和冲动选择。冲动选择是指倾向于立即获得小奖励而不是延迟的大奖励,而冲动行为则涉及难以抑制鲁莽、过早或不合时宜的行为。这些行为是由中皮质边缘多巴胺(DA)系统介导的,该系统由从腹侧被盖区到伏核和前额皮质的投射组成。早期生活压力(ELS)会改变啮齿类动物的冲动选择和冲动行为。 ELS 还会改变中皮质边缘系统内的 DA 受体表达、传输和活性。这篇综述整合了多巴胺、冲动性和 ELS 文献,以提供 ELS 通过诱导中皮质边缘 DA 系统的变化来改变冲动性的证据。了解 ELS 如何影响与冲动相关的大脑回路有助于推进旨在减少各种精神疾病的冲动症状的治疗。
Elevated impulsivity is a symptom shared by various psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, impulsivity is not a unitary construct and impulsive behaviors fall into two subcategories: impulsive action and impulsive choice. Impulsive choice refers to the tendency to prefer immediate, small rewards over delayed, large rewards, whereas impulsive action involves difficulty inhibiting rash, premature, or mistimed behaviors. These behaviors are mediated by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which consists of projections from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Early life stress (ELS) alters both impulsive choice and impulsive action in rodents. ELS also changes DA receptor expression, transmission, and activity within the mesocorticolimbic system. This review integrates the dopamine, impulsivity, and ELS literature to provide evidence that ELS alters impulsivity via inducing changes in the mesocorticolimbic DA system. Understanding how ELS affects brain circuits associated with impulsivity can help advance treatments aimed towards reducing impulsivity symptoms in a variety of psychiatric disorders.
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