Long-term exposure to constituents of fine particulate air pollution and mortality: results from the California Teachers Study.
Long-term exposure to constituents of fine particulate air pollution and mortality: results from the California Teachers Study.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.0901181
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Bernstein L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ostro B;Lipsett M;Reynolds P;Goldberg D;Hertz A;Garcia C;Henderson KD;Bernstein L
一些研究报告了长期暴露于环境细颗粒物（PM）与心血管疾病死亡率之间的关联。然而，长期暴露于PM2.5（空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm的PM）的特定成分对健康的影响尚未得到探讨。我们使用了来自加州教师研究的数据，这是一项对在职和前公立学校女性专业人员的前瞻性队列研究。我们估算了PM2.5及其几种成分的长期暴露量，包括元素碳、有机碳、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铁、钾、硅和锌。根据2002年6月至2007年7月的污染数据，得出了月平均暴露量。我们纳入了居住地址在收集PM2.5成分数据的监测仪8公里和30公里范围内的参与者。评估了所有非创伤性原因、心肺疾病、缺血性心脏病（IHD）和肺部疾病导致的长期暴露死亡率的风险比（hr）。大约45 000名妇女居住在距离监测仪30公里的范围内，其中2 600人死亡。我们观察到全因死亡率、心肺死亡率和IHD死亡率与PM2.5质量及其测量的每种成分之间的关系，以及肺死亡率与几种成分之间的关系。例如，对于心肺死亡率，PM2.5、OC和硫酸盐四分位数范围内的hr分别为1.55[95%可信区间（CI）， 1.43-1.69]、1.80 （95% CI, 1.68-1.93）和1.79 （95% CI, 1.58-2.03）。随后的分析表明，在所分析的成分中，OC和硫酸盐与所有四种结果的相关性最强。在该队列中，长期暴露于PM2.5及其几种成分与全因死亡和心肺死亡风险增加有关。来自化石燃料（包括柴油）燃烧的成分以及来自地壳的成分与一些最大的风险有关。这些结果提供了额外的证据，表明减少环境PM2.5可能会带来显著的公共卫生效益。
Several studies have reported associations between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular mortality. However, the health impacts of long-term exposure to specific constituents of PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) have not been explored. We used data from the California Teachers Study, a prospective cohort of active and former female public school professionals. We developed estimates of long-term exposures to PM2.5 and several of its constituents, including elemental carbon, organic carbon (OC), sulfates, nitrates, iron, potassium, silicon, and zinc. Monthly averages of exposure were created using pollution data from June 2002 through July 2007. We included participants whose residential addresses were within 8 and 30 km of a monitor collecting PM2.5 constituent data. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for long-term exposure for mortality from all nontraumatic causes, cardiopulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and pulmonary disease. Approximately 45,000 women with 2,600 deaths lived within 30 km of a monitor. We observed associations of all-cause, cardiopulmonary, and IHD mortality with PM2.5 mass and each of its measured constituents, and between pulmonary mortality and several constituents. For example, for cardiopulmonary mortality, HRs for interquartile ranges of PM2.5, OC, and sulfates were 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–1.69], 1.80 (95% CI, 1.68–1.93), and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.58–2.03), respectively. Subsequent analyses indicated that, of the constituents analyzed, OC and sulfates had the strongest associations with all four outcomes. Long-term exposures to PM2.5 and several of its constituents were associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiopulmonary mortality in this cohort. Constituents derived from combustion of fossil fuel (including diesel), as well as those of crustal origin, were associated with some of the greatest risks. These results provide additional evidence that reduction of ambient PM2.5 may provide significant public health benefits.
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DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2004.10470905
发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Abu-Allaban, M;Rogers, CF;Gertler, AW
通讯作者：
Gertler, AW
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Lipsett MJ;Tsai FC;Roger L;Woo M;Ostro BD
通讯作者：
Ostro BD
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500262
发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cyrys, J;Heinrich, J;Brunekreef, B
通讯作者：
Brunekreef, B
美国健康效应研究中PM（2.5）化学成分的空间和时间变化。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bell ML;Dominici F;Ebisu K;Zeger SL;Samet JM
通讯作者：
Samet JM
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Mar, TF;Norris, GA;Larson, TV
通讯作者：
Larson, TV