Spy: a new group of eukaryotic DNA transposons without target site duplications.

Spy: a new group of eukaryotic DNA transposons without target site duplications.
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DOI:
10.1093/gbe/evu140
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发表时间:
2014-06-24
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Zhang Z
Zhang Z
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Han MJ;Xu HE;Zhang HH;Feschotte C;Zhang Z

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2类或DNA转座子填充大多数真核生物的基因组,并且像其他移动的遗传元件一样对基因组进化具有深远影响。大多数DNA转座子属于剪切粘贴型,其是相对简单的元件,其特征在于末端反向重复序列(TIR)位于编码转座酶的单个基因的侧翼。到目前为止描述的所有真核剪切-粘贴转座子的特征还在于在染色体插入时产生的宿主DNA的靶位点重复(TSD)。在这里,我们报告了一组新的进化相关的DNA转座子称为间谍,其中也包括TIR和DDE基序含有转座酶,但令人惊讶的是,不创建TSD插入。相反,Spy转座子似乎精确地在5′-AAA和TTT-3′宿主核苷酸之间转座,而不复制或修饰AAATTT靶位点。基于转座酶同源性搜索和基于结构的方法,在不同无脊椎动物物种的基因组中鉴定了间谍转座子。系统发育分析表明Spy转座酶与IS 5、ISL 2 EU和PIF/Harbinger转座酶有较远的亲缘关系。然而,Spy转座子与这些和其他DNA转座子超家族的不同之处在于它们缺乏TSD和它们的靶位点偏好。我们的研究结果扩展了已知的DNA转座子的多样性,并揭示了一组新的真核DDE转座酶具有不寻常的催化特性。
Class 2 or DNA transposons populate the genomes of most eukaryotes and like other mobile genetic elements have a profound impact on genome evolution. Most DNA transposons belong to the cut-and-paste types, which are relatively simple elements characterized by terminal-inverted repeats (TIRs) flanking a single gene encoding a transposase. All eukaryotic cut-and-paste transposons so far described are also characterized by target site duplications (TSDs) of host DNA generated upon chromosomal insertion. Here, we report a new group of evolutionarily related DNA transposons called Spy, which also include TIRs and DDE motif-containing transposase but surprisingly do not create TSDs upon insertion. Instead, Spy transposons appear to transpose precisely between 5′-AAA and TTT-3′ host nucleotides, without duplication or modification of the AAATTT target sites. Spy transposons were identified in the genomes of diverse invertebrate species based on transposase homology searches and structure-based approaches. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Spy transposases are distantly related to IS5, ISL2EU, and PIF/Harbinger transposases. However, Spy transposons are distinct from these and other DNA transposon superfamilies by their lack of TSD and their target site preference. Our findings expand the known diversity of DNA transposons and reveal a new group of eukaryotic DDE transposases with unusual catalytic properties.
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