In search of a unifying theory of complex brain evolution.
In search of a unifying theory of complex brain evolution.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04421.x
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Krubitzer L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krubitzer L
新皮层是大脑中参与感知、认知和意志运动控制的部分。在哺乳动物中，这是一个高度动态的结构，在不同的谱系中发生了巨大的变化，这些变化解释了物种表现出的显著行为差异。当我们考虑这种结构如何在某些哺乳动物（如人类）中发生变化并变得更加复杂时，我们还必须考虑发生在宏观组织水平（如个体和社会系统水平）以及微观组织水平（如神经元、突触和分子水平）的变化如何影响新皮层。同样重要的是要考虑到新皮层进化所受到的限制。对所有哺乳动物都具有的高度保守的皮层组织特征的观察，以及相似组织特征的趋同进化，表明施加在新皮层上的限制是普遍存在的，并限制了进化可以进行的沿着途径。虽然基因和物理定律都对所有动物的进化施加了强大的限制，但人类已经进化出了一些机制，使他们能够放松这些限制，并经常改变自己的进化过程。虽然这种皮层可塑性是哺乳动物新皮层的一个定义性特征，但它在人类身上似乎被夸大了，可以被认为是我们物种的独特起源。
The neocortex is the part of the brain that is involved in perception, cognition, and volitional motor control. In mammals it is a highly dynamic structure that has been dramatically altered in different lineages, and these alterations account for the remarkable variations in behavior that species exhibit. When we consider how this structure changes and becomes more complex in some mammals such as humans, we must also consider how the alterations that occur at macro levels of organization, such as the level of the individual and social system, as well as micro levels of organization, such as the level of neurons, synapses and molecules, impact the neocortex. It is also important to consider the constraints imposed on the evolution of the neocortex. Observations of highly conserved features of cortical organization that all mammals share, as well as the convergent evolution of similar features of organization, indicate that the constraints imposed on the neocortex are pervasive and restrict the avenues along which evolution can proceed. Although both genes and the laws of physics place formidable constraints on the evolution of all animals, humans have evolved a number of mechanisms that allow them to loosen these constraints and often alter the course of their own evolution. While this cortical plasticity is a defining feature of mammalian neocortex, it appears to be exaggerated in humans and could be considered a unique derivation of our species.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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