Mechanisms of HIV/SIV mucosal transmission.

Mechanisms of HIV/SIV mucosal transmission.
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HIV/SIV 粘膜传播机制。

DOI:
10.1089/aid.1994.10.1305
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发表时间:
1994
影响因子:
1.5
通讯作者:
Opendra K. Sharma
Opendra K. Sharma
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gregory Milman;Opendra K. Sharma

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1994年3月14日至17日,国家过敏和传染病研究所(NIAID)艾滋病处(DAIDS)组织了一次关于HIV/SIV发病机制和粘膜传播的研讨会,有300多名与会者参加。研讨会的目的是促进艾滋病毒发病机制、粘膜传播以及调节艾滋病毒感染和疾病的宿主因素等领域的研究。本文总结了重点关注 HIV 或 SIV 粘膜传播机制的研讨会演讲。以下是研讨会的亮点。流行病学数据表明单次性接触感染的可能性较低,这与仅从 10-57% 的精液样本中分离出传染性无细胞或细胞相关 HIV 的观察结果一致,并且粘膜途径感染需要高水平的 SIV。多项间接证据表明,传播的 HIV 或 SIV 的一个重要特性是感染巨噬细胞的能力。细胞相关粘膜传播的潜在机制是通过观察培养物中的 CD4 阴性上皮细胞通过与 HIV 感染的 T 细胞直接接触而被有效感染,并且在体内观察到 HIV 感染的上皮细胞而提供的。无细胞的 HIV 病毒颗粒含有病毒 RNA 逆转录成 DNA 的部分过程,而促进 DNA 逆转录的条件(例如在精液中孵育)会增加病毒的感染性。最后,越来越多的证据表明,在没有血清转化的情况下,可能会发生暂时性或流产性感染,并导致血液中感染性病毒短期恢复。
The Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), organized a Workshop on HIV/SIV Pathogenesis and Mucosal Transmission on March 14-17, 1994, attended by over 300 participants. The purpose of the workshop was to foster research in the areas of HIV pathogenesis, mucosal transmission, and host factors modulating HIV infection and disease. This article summarizes workshop presentations that focused on mechanisms of HIV or SIV mucosal transmission. The following are highlights from the workshop. The epidemiological data indicating a low probability of infection from a single sexual exposure are consistent with observations that infectious cell-free or cell-associated HIV could be isolated from only 10-57% of semen samples, and that high levels of SIV are required for infection by a mucosal route. Several lines of circumstantial evidence suggest that an important property of a transmitted HIV or SIV is the ability to infect macrophages. A potential mechanism for cell-associated mucosal transmission is provided by the observations that CD4-negative epithelial cells in culture are efficiently infected by direct contact with HIV-infected T cells, and that HIV-infected epithelial cells are observed in vivo. Cell-free HIV virions contain partial reverse transcripts of viral RNA into DNA, and conditions that promote DNA reverse transcripts, such as incubation in seminal fluid, increase viral infectivity. Finally, evidence is accumulating that transient or abortive infection with short-term recovery of infectious virus in blood can occur in the absence of seroconversion.
恒河猴直肠粘膜无创接种后 SIVmac251 的发病机制。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1993
影响因子: 0.7
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期刊: SCIENCE
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发表时间: 1993-04-01
影响因子: 6.4
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发表时间: 1988-04-01
期刊: SCIENCE
影响因子: 56.9
作者:
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从精液中回收 1 型人类免疫缺陷病毒:感染阶段和当前抗病毒化疗的影响最小。
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/163.2.386
发表时间: 1991
期刊: The Journal of infectious diseases
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Corey,L