Windows to the soul: vision science as a tool for studying biological mechanisms of information processing deficits in schizophrenia.
Windows to the soul: vision science as a tool for studying biological mechanisms of information processing deficits in schizophrenia.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00681
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发表时间：
2013-10-31
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Silver MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoon JH;Sheremata SL;Rokem A;Silver MA
认知和信息处理缺陷是精神分裂症的核心特征和残疾的重要来源。我们对这些缺陷的神经基础的理解仍然不完整，很大程度上是因为精神分裂症损伤的复杂性使得识别特定缺陷非常具有挑战性。视觉科学在这方面提供了独特的机会：多年的基础研究已经对早期视觉系统的结构和功能之间的关系进行了详细的表征，并产生了量化视觉感知和表征其神经基质的复杂方法。我们对研究进行了选择性回顾，说明了视觉研究在精神分裂症中提供的发现机会。我们重点介绍在应用视觉科学方法来识别精神分裂症信息处理缺陷背后的特定神经异常方面特别有效的工作。此外，我们描述了利用心理物理学实验设计来减轻广义缺陷混淆的研究，从而揭示了精神分裂症的特定视觉障碍。这些研究有助于积累证据，表明早期视觉皮层是研究精神分裂症局部皮层回路异常的有用实验系统。神经元亚型的新皮质区域及其连接模式的高度相似性表明，从早期视觉皮层的研究中获得的见解可能适用于其他大脑区域。最后我们讨论了结合视觉科学和神经影像方法的未来研究。这些研究有可能解决精神分裂症中的紧迫问题，包括局部回路缺陷与空间注意力和工作记忆等认知过程反馈调节损伤的分离，以及谷氨酸能和 GABA 能缺陷的相对贡献。
Cognitive and information processing deficits are core features and important sources of disability in schizophrenia. Our understanding of the neural substrates of these deficits remains incomplete, in large part because the complexity of impairments in schizophrenia makes the identification of specific deficits very challenging. Vision science presents unique opportunities in this regard: many years of basic research have led to detailed characterization of relationships between structure and function in the early visual system and have produced sophisticated methods to quantify visual perception and characterize its neural substrates. We present a selective review of research that illustrates the opportunities for discovery provided by visual studies in schizophrenia. We highlight work that has been particularly effective in applying vision science methods to identify specific neural abnormalities underlying information processing deficits in schizophrenia. In addition, we describe studies that have utilized psychophysical experimental designs that mitigate generalized deficit confounds, thereby revealing specific visual impairments in schizophrenia. These studies contribute to accumulating evidence that early visual cortex is a useful experimental system for the study of local cortical circuit abnormalities in schizophrenia. The high degree of similarity across neocortical areas of neuronal subtypes and their patterns of connectivity suggests that insights obtained from the study of early visual cortex may be applicable to other brain regions. We conclude with a discussion of future studies that combine vision science and neuroimaging methods. These studies have the potential to address pressing questions in schizophrenia, including the dissociation of local circuit deficits vs. impairments in feedback modulation by cognitive processes such as spatial attention and working memory, and the relative contributions of glutamatergic and GABAergic deficits.
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影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Butler PD;Silverstein SM;Dakin SC
通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
Holzman, PS
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Movshon, JA