The effects of age on pain sensitivity: preclinical studies.
The effects of age on pain sensitivity: preclinical studies.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01311.x
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发表时间：
2012-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yezierski RP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yezierski RP
疼痛和衰老的临床前研究代表了一个研究领域，其中年龄，动物品系，性别和行为评估方法的考虑是必须解决的一些挑战。与年龄对疼痛敏感性的影响相关的研究结果从敏感性增加到敏感性降低到没有变化。检查这些研究的设计，人们发现使用不同年龄的动物的横截面设计已被用于评估正常动物以及患有炎症性和神经性疼痛病症的动物中的年龄相关效应。在这些研究中，行为评估的主要方法是基于反射的策略，不幸的是，这些策略并没有显示出与已知影响人类疼痛敏感性的实验操作相同的效果。在不同的实验条件下，疼痛敏感性增加的解释包括年龄相关的解剖学、生理学和生物化学变化，以及参与疼痛处理和感知的躯体感觉通路的稳态机制和内在可塑性的代偿性变化。与年龄对疼痛敏感性的影响相关的其他潜在影响因素包括下丘脑-垂体-轴失调和自主神经功能的变化，沿着随着年龄的增长发生的自身免疫疾病的患病率增加。在未来的疼痛和衰老领域的转化研究将需要关注一些目标，包括建立临床相关的动物模型和评估策略，以评估与年龄相关的生物学变化和疼痛敏感性行为变化之间的因果关系。
The pre-clinical study of pain and aging represents an area of research where considerations of age, strain of animal, gender, and method of behavioral assessment are but some of the challenges that must be addressed. The results of studies related to the impact of age on pain sensitivity have ranged from increased sensitivity to decreased sensitivity to no change. Examining the design of these studies one discovers that cross-sectional designs using animals of different ages have been used to evaluate age-related effects in normal animals as well as animals with inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. The dominant method of behavioral assessment in these studies has been reflex-based strategies that unfortunately do not reveal the same effects of experimental manipulations known to affect pain sensitivity in humans. Explanations for the increases in pain sensitivity under different experimental conditions have been suggested to include age-related anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes as well as compensatory changes in homeostatic mechanisms and intrinsic plasticity of somatosensory pathways involved in the processing and perception of pain. Other potential contributing factors related to the impact of age on pain sensitivity include dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis and changes in autonomic function along with an increased prevalence of auto-immune disorders that occur with advancing age. In the future translational research in the field of pain and aging will need to focus on a number of objectives, including the establishment of clinically relevant animals models and assessment strategies to evaluate the causal relationships between age-related biological changes and behavioral changes in pain sensitivity.
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4.2
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