Current understanding of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] neurotoxicity and new perspectives.
Current understanding of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] neurotoxicity and new perspectives.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106877
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Cai L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wise JP Jr;Young JL;Cai J;Cai L
六价铬[Cr（VI）]是一种全球性环境污染物，可增加多种癌症的风险，并且越来越多地被认为是一种神经毒物。传统上，由于其特殊的神经元组成，大脑被视为主要的有丝分裂后器官，因此，在神经毒理学中未考虑致染色体断裂效应。今天，我们知道大脑至少由八种不同的细胞类型组成-其中大多数在整个生命周期中继续进行有丝分裂活动。我们已经了解到这些分裂细胞在大脑和身体健康中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了Cr（VI），一种有效的染色体断裂剂和已知的人类致癌物，作为一种潜在的神经毒性剂，靶向有丝分裂细胞的大脑。尽管Cr（VI）作为人类致癌物的作用已得到充分证实，但其神经毒性研究未能发现与脑癌的显着联系。在少数确实发现相关性的研究中，Cr（VI）被确定为神经胶质瘤的风险。相反，在人脑中，Cr（VI）似乎具有更微妙的有害影响，可以损害儿童学习和注意力发育、嗅觉功能、社会记忆，并可能导致运动神经元疾病。动物和细胞培养模型的铬（VI）神经毒性研究表明，氧化损伤和氧化还原应激的标志物升高，广泛的神经变性。一项研究表明，暴露于铬（VI）负载制革废水的小鼠对“入侵者”小鼠表现出更长时间的攻击行为，并且需要更长时间才能识别以前遇到的小鼠，重现了在人类中观察到的社会记忆缺陷。在这里，我们进行了一个批判性的审查，现有的文献铬（六）神经毒性和综合集体观察，以彻底评估铬（六）神经毒性-许多仍有待理解和认识。
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a global environmental pollutant that increases risk for several types of cancers and is increasingly being recognized as a neurotoxicant. Traditionally, the brain has been viewed as a largely post-mitotic organ due to its specialized composition of neurons, and consequently, clastogenic effects were not considered in neurotoxicology. Today, we understand the brain is composed of at least eight distinct cell types – most of which continue mitotic activity throughout lifespan. We have learned these dividing cells play essential roles in brain and body health. This review focuses on Cr(VI), a potent clastogen and known human carcinogen, as a potentially neurotoxic agent targeting mitotic cells of the brain. Despite its well-established role as a human carcinogen, Cr(VI) neurotoxicity studies have failed to find a significant link to brain cancers. In the few studies that did find a link, Cr(VI) was identified as a risk for gliomas. Instead, in the human brain, Cr(VI) appears to have more subtle deleterious effects that can impair childhood learning and attention development, olfactory function, social memory, and may contribute to motor neuron diseases. Studies of Cr(VI) neurotoxicity with animal and cell culture models have demonstrated elevated markers of oxidative damage and redox stress, with widespread neurodegeneration. One study showed mice exposed to Cr(VI)-laden tannery effluent exhibited longer periods of aggressive behavior toward an “intruder” mouse and took longer to recognize mice previously encountered, recapitulating the social memory deficits observed in humans. Here we conducted a critical review of the available literature on Cr(VI) neurotoxicity and synthesize the collective observations to thoroughly evaluate Cr(VI) neurotoxicity – much remains to be understood and recognized.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
DesMarias, Thomas Liborio;Costa, Max
通讯作者：
Costa, Max
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Browning, Cynthia L.;Qin, Qin;Wise, John Pierce, Sr.
通讯作者：
Wise, John Pierce, Sr.
DOI：
10.1016/j.etp.2012.02.006
发表时间：
2013-07
期刊：
Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie
影响因子：
--
作者：
Calderón-Garcidueñas L;Serrano-Sierra A;Torres-Jardón R;Zhu H;Yuan Y;Smith D;Delgado-Chávez R;Cross JV;Medina-Cortina H;Kavanaugh M;Guilarte TR
通讯作者：
Guilarte TR
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Adams, JB;Holloway, CE;Quig, D
通讯作者：
Quig, D
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bocca, B;Alimonti, A;Senofonte, O
通讯作者：
Senofonte, O