Separable learning systems in the macaque brain and the role of orbitofrontal cortex in contingent learning.
Separable learning systems in the macaque brain and the role of orbitofrontal cortex in contingent learning.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.027
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发表时间：
2010-03-25
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walton, Mark E.;Behrens, Timothy E. J.;Buckley, Mark J.;Rudebeck, Peter H.;Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
眼眶额叶皮质(OFC)被广泛认为是当既定的选择价值发生变化时做出决策的灵活性的关键。在进行动态变化的三臂土匪任务的猕猴中，研究了OFC在这种决策中的作用。在选择性OFC损伤后，动物在发现逆转后最高值刺激的身份方面受到损害。然而，这既不是由于行为灵活性降低，也不是因为对强化变化不敏感，而是由于在所有刺激之间切换的矛盾增加。这种选择行为模式可以用OFC在适当的偶然学习中的因果作用来解释，通过这个过程，对特定奖励的因果责任被分配给特定的选择。在OFC损伤后，动物的选择行为不再反映特定选择和特定奖励之间精确联系的历史。尽管如此，OFC损伤的动物仍然可以使用最近加权的选择和奖励历史来近似选择-结果关联。►OFC损伤可以在多变和固定的环境中损害决策能力►OFC对于将特定奖励的信用分配给特定选择至关重要►OFC损伤备用系统基于选择和奖励历史近似学习►在应急学习中的角色是灵活决策中的损伤基础
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is widely held to be critical for flexibility in decision-making when established choice values change. OFC's role in such decision making was investigated in macaques performing dynamically changing three-armed bandit tasks. After selective OFC lesions, animals were impaired at discovering the identity of the highest value stimulus following reversals. However, this was not caused either by diminished behavioral flexibility or by insensitivity to reinforcement changes, but instead by paradoxical increases in switching between all stimuli. This pattern of choice behavior could be explained by a causal role for OFC in appropriate contingent learning, the process by which causal responsibility for a particular reward is assigned to a particular choice. After OFC lesions, animals' choice behavior no longer reflected the history of precise conjoint relationships between particular choices and particular rewards. Nonetheless, OFC-lesioned animals could still approximate choice-outcome associations using a recency-weighted history of choices and rewards. ► OFC lesions can impair decision making in both changeable and fixed environments ► OFC is critical for assigning credit for a particular reward to a particular choice ► OFC lesions spare system to approximate learning based on choice and reward history ► Role in contingent learning underlies impairments in flexible decision making
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Croxson, PL;Johansen-Berg, H;Rushworth, MFS
通讯作者：
Rushworth, MFS
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1521-08.2008
发表时间：
2008-10-22
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
MISHKIN, M
影响因子：
14.5
作者：
Fellows, LK;Farah, MJ
通讯作者：
Farah, MJ