Immature wild orangutans acquire relevant ecological knowledge through sex-specific attentional biases during social learning.
Immature wild orangutans acquire relevant ecological knowledge through sex-specific attentional biases during social learning.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001173
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Schuppli C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehmann B;van Schaik CP;Ashbury AM;Mörchen J;Musdarlia H;Utami Atmoko S;van Noordwijk MA;Schuppli C
作为成长的一部分，未成熟的猩猩必须获得大量的技能和知识，这一过程需要几年的观察性社会学习和随后的实践。成年雌性和雄性猩猩表现出行为差异，包括性别特异性觅食模式和雄性偏向的扩散。我们调查了这些不同的生活轨迹如何影响社会利益和新兴的生态知识不成熟。我们分析了15年的详细观察数据的社会学习，协会和饮食剧目的50个不成熟（16名女性和34名男性），从2个猩猩种群。具体到喂养的背景下，我们发现性别差异的发展社会利益：在整个依赖期，不成熟的女性直接在他们的母亲，而不成熟的男性表现出越来越多的注意力偏好的个人以外的母亲。当参加非母亲的个人，男性表现出显着的偏见对移民个人和倾向于偏向成年男性。相比之下，女性更倾向于照顾附近的居民。因此，在依赖期结束时，未成熟的雌性比未成熟的雄性表现出与母亲更大的饮食重叠。这些结果表明，未成熟的红毛猩猩表现出注意力偏差，通过这种偏差，它们从具有最相关生态知识的个体那里学习。多样化的技能和知识可能有助于男性迁移到一个新的领域。总之，我们的研究结果强调了细粒度的社会投入对于猩猩和其他猿类获得生态知识和技能的重要性。为了了解人类近亲认知的发展和进化，我们需要调查他们在日常生活中的学习行为。这项研究发现，野生红毛猩猩男性和女性在他们的社会学习策略和随后的学习成果从早期的年龄，强调的一般重要性，和性别的影响，社会学习在非人类类人猿不同。
As a part of growing up, immature orangutans must acquire vast repertoires of skills and knowledge, a process that takes several years of observational social learning and subsequent practice. Adult female and male orangutans show behavioral differences including sex-specific foraging patterns and male-biased dispersal. We investigated how these differing life trajectories affect social interest and emerging ecological knowledge in immatures. We analyzed 15 years of detailed observational data on social learning, associations, and diet repertoires of 50 immatures (16 females and 34 males), from 2 orangutan populations. Specific to the feeding context, we found sex differences in the development of social interest: Throughout the dependency period, immature females direct most of their social attention at their mothers, whereas immature males show an increasing attentional preference for individuals other than their mothers. When attending to non-mother individuals, males show a significant bias toward immigrant individuals and a trend for a bias toward adult males. In contrast, females preferentially attend to neighboring residents. Accordingly, by the end of the dependency period, immature females show a larger dietary overlap with their mothers than do immature males. These results suggest that immature orangutans show attentional biases through which they learn from individuals with the most relevant ecological knowledge. Diversifying their skills and knowledge likely helps males when they move to a new area. In sum, our findings underline the importance of fine-grained social inputs for the acquisition of ecological knowledge and skills in orangutans and likely in other apes as well. To understand the development and evolution of cognition of our closest relatives, we need to investigate their learning behavior during every-day life. This study finds that wild orangutan males and females differ in their social learning strategies and subsequent learning outcomes from an early age, underlining the general importance of, and the effects of sex on, social learning in non-human great apes.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0358
发表时间：
2017-06-14
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Barrett BJ;McElreath RL;Perry SE
通讯作者：
Perry SE
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Jaeggi, Adrian V.;Van Noordwijk, Maria A.;Van Schaik, Carel P.
通讯作者：
Van Schaik, Carel P.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Frohlich, Marlen;Kunz, Julia;van Noordwijk, Maria A.
通讯作者：
van Noordwijk, Maria A.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Lonsdorf, EV
通讯作者：
Lonsdorf, EV
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Brent, L;Bramblett, CA;Blangero, J
通讯作者：
Blangero, J