Human ecology in pathogenic landscapes: two hypotheses on how land use change drives viral emergence.

Human ecology in pathogenic landscapes: two hypotheses on how land use change drives viral emergence.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.coviro.2013.01.006
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发表时间:
2013-02
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Daszak, Peter
Daszak, Peter
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Murray, Kris A.;Daszak, Peter

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新型病毒性疾病的出现是由社会经济、人口和环境变化驱动的。这些包括土地使用的变化,如砍伐森林、农业扩张和生境退化。然而,人们对土地使用变化与疾病发生之间的联系了解甚少,而且可能很复杂。在这篇综述中,我们提出了两个假设的机制,土地利用变化可以导致病毒的出现:1)通过干扰疾病动力学在多宿主疾病系统通过影响跨物种传播率(扰动假说);和2)通过允许新的主机暴露于一个丰富的病原体多样性池(病原体池假说)。我们讨论的方式,这两个假设可能会被测试使用的生态和病毒学方法相结合,以及如何这可能会提供新的控制和预防策略。
The emergence of novel viral diseases is driven by socioeconomic, demographic and environmental changes. These include land use changes such as deforestation, agricultural expansion and habitat degradation. However, the links between land use change and disease emergence are poorly understood and likely complex. In this review, we propose two hypotheses for the mechanisms by which land use change can lead to viral emergence: 1) by perturbing disease dynamics in multi-host disease systems via impacts on cross-species transmission rates (the ‘perturbation’ hypothesis); and 2) by allowing exposure of novel hosts to a rich pool of pathogen diversity (the ‘pathogen pool’ hypothesis). We discuss ways that these two hypotheses might be tested using a combination of ecological and virological approaches, and how this may provide novel control and prevention strategies.
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