Anesthetic effects and body weight changes associated with ketamine-xylazine-lidocaine administered to CD-1 mice.
Anesthetic effects and body weight changes associated with ketamine-xylazine-lidocaine administered to CD-1 mice.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0184911
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stern AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dholakia U;Clark-Price SC;Keating SCJ;Stern AW
小鼠的麻醉通常是通过腹腔（IP）途径注射肠外药物进行的。在小鼠中已经注意到麻醉敏感性的变化导致麻醉深度和/或死亡率的不一致。需要提高一致性和安全性的麻醉方案。本研究的目的是评估CD-1小鼠腹腔注射氯胺酮（95 mg/kg）和噻嗪（7 mg/kg）单独或联合利多卡因（4、8或16 mg/kg）对翻正反射的时间损失（LRR）和恢复（RRR）、固定时间和踏板戒断反应的损失（PWR）、体重和组织病理学的影响。在一项前瞻性随机试验中，36只4 - 6周龄雄性CD-1小鼠随机分为5组：生理盐水组（SA, n = 4）；氯胺酮-噻嗪（KX, n = 8）；氯胺酮-噻嗪-利多卡因4 mg/kg (KXL4, n = 8)；氯胺酮-噻嗪-利多卡因8 mg/kg (KXL8, n = 8)；氯胺酮-噻嗪-利多卡因16 mg/kg （KXL16, n = 8）。每组2只小鼠在注射后第2天实施安乐死，其余小鼠在注射后第11天实施安乐死。注射IP后，评估LRR和RRR、固定时间和PWR损失、体重和组织病理学。与KX相比，接受KXL16治疗的小鼠LRR发生得更快，中位（范围）时间分别为78（62-104）秒和107（91-298）秒。KX、KXL4、KXL8和KXL16组分别有1、5、4、6只小鼠出现PWR丧失。与KX治疗0（0 - 9）分钟相比，KXL16治疗小鼠在13（0 - 30）分钟时PWR缺失的中位（范围）持续时间更长。两组间固定时间和RRR无显著差异。麻醉后2天体重减轻，但组间无差异。与KX组相比，所有利多卡因组在注射后11天的体重增加明显更大。各组均未见死亡或组织病理学异常。利多卡因与氯胺酮和噻嗪联合使用可缩短小鼠的麻醉时间，提高麻醉深度，但不延长恢复时间。
Anesthesia for mice is commonly performed through the injection of parenteral agents via the intraperitoneal (IP) route. Variability in anesthetic sensitivities has been noted in mice resulting in inconsistencies in anesthetic depth and/or mortality. Anesthetic protocols that improve consistency and safety are needed. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) ketamine (95 mg/kg) and xylazine (7 mg/kg) alone or combined with lidocaine at 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg on time to loss (LRR) and return (RRR) of righting reflex, duration of immobilization and loss of pedal withdrawal response (PWR), body weight and histopathology in CD-1 mice. In a prospective, randomized trial, 36 male CD-1 mice, 4–6 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups: saline (SA, n = 4); ketamine-xylazine (KX, n = 8); ketamine-xylazine-lidocaine 4 mg/kg (KXL4, n = 8); ketamine-xylazine-lidocaine 8 mg/kg (KXL8, n = 8); ketamine-xylazine-lidocaine 16 mg/kg (KXL16, n = 8). Two mice in each group were euthanized at day 2 post-injection and the remaining mice were euthanized at day 11 post-injection. After IP injection, LRR and RRR, duration of immobilization and loss of PWR, body weight and histopathology were evaluated. LRR occurred sooner in mice receiving KXL16 compared with KX, with median (range) times of 78 (62–104) and 107 (91–298) seconds, respectively. Loss of PWR occurred in 1, 5, 4, 6 mice for groups KX, KXL4, KXL8, and KXL16 respectively. Median (range) duration of absent PWR was longer in mice receiving KXL16 at 13 (0–30) minutes, compared to KX at 0 (0–9) minutes. Duration of immobilization and RRR were not different between groups. Weight loss occurred 2 days following anesthesia but was not different between groups. Weight gain was significantly greater in all lidocaine groups 11 days post-injection compared to KX. No mortality or histopathologic abnormalities were observed in any group. Lidocaine administered with ketamine and xylazine shortens the onset of anesthesia in mice and improves anesthetic depth without prolonging recovery time.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Fleischmann, Thea;Jirkof, Paulin;Cesarovic, Nikola
通讯作者：
Cesarovic, Nikola
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Alves, H. C.;Valentim, A. M.;Antunes, L. M.
通讯作者：
Antunes, L. M.
DOI：
10.1016/b978-012373898-1.50014-0
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN LABORATORY ANIMALS, 2ND EDITION
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gaertner, Diane J.;Hallman, Troy M.;Batchelder, Margaret A.
通讯作者：
Batchelder, Margaret A.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Hayes, JH;Flecknell, PA
通讯作者：
Flecknell, PA
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Burnside WM;Flecknell PA;Cameron AI;Thomas AA
通讯作者：
Thomas AA