Elemental and configural threat learning bias extinction generalization.
Elemental and configural threat learning bias extinction generalization.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107405
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Phelps EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldfarb EV;Blow T;Dunsmoor JE;Phelps EA
情感体验通常包含大量细节，这些细节可以在记忆中表示为单独的元素或集成到单个表示中。与负面情绪事件相关的细节如何在记忆中表现出来，对于旨在减少情绪反应的灭绝策略具有重要意义。例如，消除一个与令人厌恶的结果相关的线索是否足以将学习行为减少到学习时存在的其他线索，而这些线索并没有直接消失？在这里，我们使用了受试者之间的多日威胁条件反射和灭绝任务，以评估参与者是否从一个线索到未熄灭的线索概括灭绝。在第1天，一组参与者了解到，由音调和彩色方块组成的复合条件刺激预测手腕会受到不舒服的电击（复合组）。第二组学习到音调和方块分别预测电击（独立组）。在第2天，两组的参与者都在没有电击的情况下暴露于音调（提示消退）。在第3天，我们测试了灭绝是否从熄灭到未熄灭的线索，以及由两种线索组成的化合物。实验结果表明，图形学习和元素学习对消退泛化具有独特而相反的影响。受试者谁最初了解到，复合线索预测休克成功地推广灭绝学习从音调到广场，但表现出威胁复发的复合线索。相比之下，那些最初了解到每个线索单独预测休克的受试者并没有将灭绝学习从音调推广到方块，但对化合物的威胁反应很低。这些结果强调了厌恶事件的细节是否被表示为整合或分离的记忆的重要性，因为这些表示影响灭绝泛化的成功或限制。
Emotional experiences often contain a multitude of details that may be represented in memory as individual elements or integrated into a single representation. How details associated with a negative emotional event are represented in memory can have important implications for extinction strategies designed to reduce emotional responses. For example, is extinguishing one cue associated with an aversive outcome sufficient to reduce learned behavior to other cues present at the time of learning that were not directly extinguished? Here, we used a between-subjects multi-day threat conditioning and extinction task to assess whether participants generalize extinction from one cue to unextinguished cues. On Day 1, one group of participants learned that a compound conditioned stimulus, composed of a tone and colored square, predicted an uncomfortable shock to the wrist (Compound group). A second group learned that the tone and square separately predicted shock (Separate group). On Day 2, participants in both groups were exposed to the tone in the absence of shocks (cue extinction). On Day 3, we tested whether extinction generalized from the extinguished to the unextinguished cue, as well as to a compound composed of both cues. Results showed that configural and elemental learning had unique and opposite effects on extinction generalization. Subjects who initially learned that a compound cue predicted shock successfully generalized extinction learning from the tone to the square, but exhibited threat relapse to the compound cue. In contrast, subjects who initially learned that each cue individually predicted shock did not generalize extinction learning from the tone to the square, but threat responses to the compound were low. These results highlight the importance of whether details of an aversive event are represented as integrated or separated memories, as these representations affect the success or limits of extinction generalization.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
COHEN, S;KAMARCK, T;MERMELSTEIN, R
通讯作者：
MERMELSTEIN, R
DOI：
10.1037/a0029726
发表时间：
2012-10-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bouton, Mark E.;Doyle-Burr, Caleb;Vurbic, Drina
通讯作者：
Vurbic, Drina
影响因子：
2
作者：
Keller, Nicole E.;Dunsmoor, Joseph E.
通讯作者：
Dunsmoor, Joseph E.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Acheson DT;Gresack JE;Risbrough VB
通讯作者：
Risbrough VB
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Bisby JA;Burgess N;Brewin CR
通讯作者：
Brewin CR