The Watching-Eye Effect on Prosocial Lying.
The Watching-Eye Effect on Prosocial Lying.
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DOI：
10.1177/1474704915594959
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Hiraishi, Kai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oda, Ryo;Kato, Yuta;Hiraishi, Kai
有证据表明，当人们看到描绘眼睛的图像时，他们往往会表现出亲社会的行为。眼睛效应有两个直接原因。一种是积极的动机，以获得未来的奖励，另一种是消极的动机，以避免违反规范。虽然一些研究表明积极动机是一个强有力的候选人，这些研究无法区分遵守规范和亲社会行为。我们在实验环境中研究了注视效应，以确定人类自愿违反规范的倾向是否可以被理解为亲社会行为。我们比较的倾向，告诉“亲社会的谎言”的存在下，描绘程式化的眼睛（眼睛条件），涉及没有这样的描绘（控制条件）。在控制条件下，参与者倾向于说有利于他人的谎言，而在眼睛条件下，亲社会谎言的倾向消失了。这表明，通过诚实避免违反规范的愿望比通过展示慷慨来追求良好声誉的愿望更强烈，而这种违反可能会导致严重的代价。
Evidence shows that people tend to behave prosocially when they are in the presence of images depicting eyes. There are two proximate causes of the eyes effect. One involves positive motivation to gain future reward and the other involves negative motivation to avoid violating a norm. Although several studies have suggested that positive motivation is a strong candidate, these studies were unable to distinguish between adherence to norms and prosocial behavior. We investigated the watching-eyes effect in an experimental setting to determine whether the tendency of humans to violate norms voluntarily could be understood as prosocial behavior. We compared the tendency to tell “prosocial lies” in the presence of a depiction of stylized eyes (eyes condition) with that involving no such depiction (control condition). Under the control condition, participants tended to tell lies that benefitted others, whereas the tendency toward prosocial lying disappeared under the eyes condition. This suggests that the desire to avoid violating norms by being honest is stronger than the desire to pursue a good reputation by demonstrating generosity when such violation might lead to serious costs.
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