Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination.
Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhin.2015.08.027
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weber DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Otter JA;Donskey C;Yezli S;Douthwaite S;Goldenberg SD;Weber DJ
近年来出现了具有大流行潜力的病毒，包括H1N1、H5 N1和H5 N7流感病毒，以及严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）/中东呼吸综合征（MERS）冠状病毒（CoV）。SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV和流感病毒可以在表面上存活很长时间，有时长达数月。影响这些病毒在表面上存活的因素包括：菌株变异、滴度、表面类型、悬浮介质、沉积模式、温度和相对湿度以及用于测定病毒活力的方法。环境采样已确定现场环境中存在SARS-CoV和流感病毒污染，尽管频繁使用分子检测方法不一定代表存在活病毒。与其他传播途径相比，间接接触传播（涉及无生命表面污染）的重要性尚不确定，主要是直接接触传播（与表面污染无关）、飞沫传播和空气传播途径。然而，流感病毒和SARS冠状病毒可能会流入环境，并从环境表面转移到患者和医疗保健提供者的手中。新出现的数据表明MERS-CoV也具有这些特性。一旦从环境中被污染，手就可以启动鼻、眼或口粘膜的自我接种。数学和动物模型以及干预研究表明，在某些情况下，接触传播是最重要的途径。感染预防和控制的影响包括需要手部卫生和个人防护设备，以尽量减少自身污染，并防止粘膜表面和呼吸道接种，以及在医疗机构中加强表面清洁和消毒。
Viruses with pandemic potential including H1N1, H5N1, and H5N7 influenza viruses, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)/Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged in recent years. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, sometimes up to months. Factors influencing the survival of these viruses on surfaces include: strain variation, titre, surface type, suspending medium, mode of deposition, temperature and relative humidity, and the method used to determine the viability of the virus. Environmental sampling has identified contamination in field-settings with SARS-CoV and influenza virus, although the frequent use of molecular detection methods may not necessarily represent the presence of viable virus. The importance of indirect contact transmission (involving contamination of inanimate surfaces) is uncertain compared with other transmission routes, principally direct contact transmission (independent of surface contamination), droplet, and airborne routes. However, influenza virus and SARS-CoV may be shed into the environment and be transferred from environmental surfaces to hands of patients and healthcare providers. Emerging data suggest that MERS-CoV also shares these properties. Once contaminated from the environment, hands can then initiate self-inoculation of mucous membranes of the nose, eyes or mouth. Mathematical and animal models, and intervention studies suggest that contact transmission is the most important route in some scenarios. Infection prevention and control implications include the need for hand hygiene and personal protective equipment to minimize self-contamination and to protect against inoculation of mucosal surfaces and the respiratory tract, and enhanced surface cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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