Self-deceived individuals are better at deceiving others.
Self-deceived individuals are better at deceiving others.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0104562
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nityananda V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamba S;Nityananda V
自我欺骗在人类中很普遍，尽管它可能导致灾难性的后果，如飞机失事和金融崩溃。为什么这种潜在的有害特征如此普遍？一个有争议的理论认为，自我欺骗是为了促进对他人的欺骗而进化的。我们在真实的世界中检验了这个假设，并找到了支持它的证据：过度自信的人被观察者高估了，而不自信的人被观察者判断为比实际情况更糟。我们的研究结果表明，人们可能并不总是奖励更有成就的人，而是奖励更多的自欺者。此外，如果过度自信的人更容易受到风险的影响，那么通过提升他们，我们可能会创造出更容易受到风险影响的机构，包括银行和军队。我们的研究结果揭示了评估个人规避自欺的影响，可以在一系列组织，包括教育机构实施的实际解决方案。
Self-deception is widespread in humans even though it can lead to disastrous consequences such as airplane crashes and financial meltdowns. Why is this potentially harmful trait so common? A controversial theory proposes that self-deception evolved to facilitate the deception of others. We test this hypothesis in the real world and find support for it: Overconfident individuals are overrated by observers and underconfident individuals are judged by observers to be worse than they actually are. Our findings suggest that people may not always reward the more accomplished individual but rather the more self-deceived. Moreover, if overconfident individuals are more likely to be risk-prone then by promoting them we may be creating institutions, including banks and armies, which are more vulnerable to risk. Our results reveal practical solutions for assessing individuals that circumvent the influence of self-deception and can be implemented in a range of organizations including educational institutions.
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