New neurons in the adult brain: the role of sleep and consequences of sleep loss.
New neurons in the adult brain: the role of sleep and consequences of sleep loss.
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成人大脑中的新神经元：睡眠的作用和睡眠损失的后果。
DOI：
10.1016/j.smrv.2008.07.004
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发表时间：
2009-06
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
McGinty, Dennis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meerlo, Peter;Mistiberger, Ralph E.;Jacobs, Barry L.;Heller, H. Craig;McGinty, Dennis
关键词：
过去几十年的研究已经确定，新的神经元在成年哺乳动物大脑的选定区域产生，特别是海马结构的齿状回和侧脑室的脑室下区。成人神经元的功能仍然是一个有争议的问题。在海马体的情况下，新细胞整合到现有的神经元回路中可能涉及记忆过程和情绪调节。近年来，各种研究已经研究了睡眠和睡眠不足如何影响新细胞的产生及其发育为神经元。虽然短于一天的睡眠中断似乎对细胞增殖的基础速率几乎没有影响，但长时间限制或睡眠中断可能具有累积效应，导致海马细胞增殖、细胞存活和神经发生的大幅减少。重要的是，虽然短暂的睡眠剥夺可能不会影响细胞增殖的基础速率，但一项对大鼠的研究表明，即使是轻微的睡眠限制也可能干扰神经发生的增加，而神经发生通常发生在依赖于大脑皮层的学习中。由于睡眠剥夺也会干扰记忆的形成，这些数据表明，促进新细胞的存活、成熟和整合可能是睡眠支持学习和记忆过程的一种未探索的机制。大多数睡眠剥夺的方法都影响非快速眼动（NREM）和快速眼动（REM）睡眠。现有的数据支持这样的假设，即细胞增殖的减少与REM睡眠的减少有关，而随后发育成成年神经元的细胞数量的减少可能与NREM和REM睡眠的减少有关。睡眠不足影响成年神经发生的不同方面的机制尚不清楚。已经提出睡眠中断的不良影响可能由压力和糖皮质激素介导。然而，许多研究清楚地表明，长时间的睡眠不足可以抑制海马神经发生，而不依赖于肾上腺应激激素。总之，虽然适度的睡眠限制可能会干扰与学习过程相关的神经发生的增强，但长时间的睡眠中断甚至可能影响细胞增殖和神经发生的基础速率。睡眠不足的这些影响可能会危及海马的完整性，从而导致认知功能障碍，并有助于情绪障碍的发展。
Research over the last few decades has firmly established that new neurons are generated in selected areas of the adult mammalian brain, particularly the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. The function of adult-born neurons is still a matter of debate. In the case of the hippocampus, integration of new cells in to the existing neuronal circuitry may be involved in memory processes and the regulation of emotionality. In recent years, various studies have examined how the production of new cells and their development into neurons is affected by sleep and sleep loss. While disruption of sleep for a period shorter than one day appears to have little effect on the basal rate of cell proliferation, prolonged restriction or disruption of sleep may have cumulative effects leading to a major decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation, cell survival and neurogenesis. Importantly, while short sleep deprivation may not affect the basal rate of cell proliferation, one study in rats shows that even mild sleep restriction may interfere with the increase in neurogenesis that normally occurs with hippocampus-dependent learning. Since sleep deprivation also disturbs memory formation, these data suggest that promoting survival, maturation and integration of new cells may be an unexplored mechanism by which sleep supports learning and memory processes. Most methods of sleep deprivation that have been employed affect both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Available data favor the hypothesis that decreases in cell proliferation are related to a reduction in REM sleep, whereas decreases in the number of cells that subsequently develop into adult neurons may be related to reductions in both NREM and REM sleep. The mechanisms by which sleep loss affects different aspects of adult neurogenesis are unknown. It has been proposed that adverse effects of sleep disruption may be mediated by stress and glucocorticoids. However, a number of studies clearly show that prolonged sleep loss can inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis independent of adrenal stress hormones. In conclusion, while modest sleep restriction may interfere with the enhancement of neurogenesis associated with learning processes, prolonged sleep disruption may even affect the basal rates of cell proliferation and neurogenesis. These effects of sleep loss may endanger hippocampal integrity, thereby leading to cognitive dysfunction and contributing to the development of mood disorders.
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影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Eriksson, PS;Perfilieva, E;Gage, FH
通讯作者：
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