Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis.
Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2011.0223
复制
发表时间：
2012-01-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Henipavirus Ecology Research Group (HERG)
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pulliam JR;Epstein JH;Dushoff J;Rahman SA;Bunning M;Jamaluddin AA;Hyatt AD;Field HE;Dobson AP;Daszak P;Henipavirus Ecology Research Group (HERG)
新出现的人畜共患病威胁全球健康，但它们出现的过程复杂且知之甚少。尼帕病毒(Nipah Virus，NIV)宿主和地理范围广，病死率高，有可能在人与人之间传播，缺乏有效的预防或治疗措施，因此是一个重要的威胁。在这里，我们调查了马来西亚和新加坡首次发现的新城疫脑炎暴发的原因。我们分析了指数地点(马来西亚的一个商业养猪场)在疫情爆发前和期间的牲畜生产数据，马来西亚的农业生产数据，以及对Niv野生动物水库(飞狐)的调查数据。我们的分析表明，反复从野生动物中引入新城疫病毒改变了猪的感染动态。最初的病毒输入产生了一种爆炸性的流行性流行病，导致自身灭绝，但在病毒重新引入后，为种群的地方性流行病持续做好了准备。由此产生的农场内持久性允许了区域传播，并增加了人类感染的数量。这项研究驳斥了早先的假设，即与厄尔尼诺南方涛动相关的异常气候条件推动了疫情的出现，并暗示为持续做好准备推动了一种新的人畜共患病病原体的出现。因此，我们为以前被认为是H5N1禽流感和其他新兴病原体广泛感染的前兆的致病机制提供了经验证据。
Emerging zoonoses threaten global health, yet the processes by which they emerge are complex and poorly understood. Nipah virus (NiV) is an important threat owing to its broad host and geographical range, high case fatality, potential for human-to-human transmission and lack of effective prevention or therapies. Here, we investigate the origin of the first identified outbreak of NiV encephalitis in Malaysia and Singapore. We analyse data on livestock production from the index site (a commercial pig farm in Malaysia) prior to and during the outbreak, on Malaysian agricultural production, and from surveys of NiV's wildlife reservoir (flying foxes). Our analyses suggest that repeated introduction of NiV from wildlife changed infection dynamics in pigs. Initial viral introduction produced an explosive epizootic that drove itself to extinction but primed the population for enzootic persistence upon reintroduction of the virus. The resultant within-farm persistence permitted regional spread and increased the number of human infections. This study refutes an earlier hypothesis that anomalous El Niño Southern Oscillation-related climatic conditions drove emergence and suggests that priming for persistence drove the emergence of a novel zoonotic pathogen. Thus, we provide empirical evidence for a causative mechanism previously proposed as a precursor to widespread infection with H5N1 avian influenza and other emerging pathogens.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2006.0030
发表时间：
2007-05-07
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Conlan AJ;Grenfell BT
通讯作者：
Grenfell BT
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hayman, David T. S.;Suu-Ire, Richard;Cunningham, Andrew A.
通讯作者：
Cunningham, Andrew A.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Jones KE;Patel NG;Levy MA;Storeygard A;Balk D;Gittleman JL;Daszak P
通讯作者：
Daszak P
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Hooper, P;Zaki, S;Middleton, D
通讯作者：
Middleton, D
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Hsu VP;Hossain MJ;Parashar UD;Ali MM;Ksiazek TG;Kuzmin I;Niezgoda M;Rupprecht C;Bresee J;Breiman RF
通讯作者：
Breiman RF