Short versus long silver nanowires: a comparison of in vivo pulmonary effects post instillation.
Short versus long silver nanowires: a comparison of in vivo pulmonary effects post instillation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12989-014-0052-6
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发表时间：
2014-10-08
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Pinkerton KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silva RM;Xu J;Saiki C;Anderson DS;Franzi LM;Vulpe CD;Gilbert B;Van Winkle LS;Pinkerton KE
银纳米线（Ag NW）越来越多地用于生产智能手机和计算机的触摸屏。当在塑料基板上以薄膜形式应用时，Ag纳米线会形成透明的高导电纤维网络，从而实现消费者与其电子产品之间的触摸界面。大规模应用方法利用Ag NW悬浮液经由液滴沉积到基底上的技术。雾化液滴增加了职业性银NW暴露的风险。目前，关于银核武器对健康影响的研究很少。人们越来越担心，与非纤维状纳米材料相比，接触高纵横比纳米材料可能会产生更大的毒性。本研究检查了不同长度的Ag纳米线是否影响不同时间点肺内的生物学反应和银分布。测试了两种不同尺寸的Ag纳米线（2 μm [S-Ag纳米线]和20 μm [L-Ag纳米线]）。向雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠气管内滴注Ag NW（0、0.1、0.5或1.0 mg/kg）。在暴露后1、7和21天获得支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）和肺组织，用于分析BAL总细胞、细胞分化和总蛋白以及组织病理学和银分布。两个最高剂量导致BAL终点显著增加。在第1天，Ag NW增加了总细胞、炎性多形核细胞（PMN）和总蛋白。在第7天，两种Ag NW类型的PMN持续存在，但不显著，到第21天，PMN似乎与假手术对照值一致。与Ag NW相关的显著组织病理学特征包括：1）第1天和第7天嗜酸性粒细胞大量流入; 2）第7天和第21天Langhans和异物巨细胞形成。终末细支气管（TB）上皮脱落和肺泡区域细胞渗出也很常见。到第21天，银纳米线主要封闭在肉芽肿中或被TB-肺泡管连接处的大量巨噬细胞包围。这些发现表明，短和长的银纳米线产生肺毒性;因此，随着银纳米线需求的增加，有必要进一步研究与银纳米线相关的健康影响和可能的暴露情景，以确保人类安全。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12989-014-0052-6）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are increasingly being used to produce touchscreens for smart phones and computers. When applied in a thin film over a plastic substrate, Ag NWs create a transparent, highly-conductive network of fibers enabling the touch interface between consumers and their electronics. Large-scale application methods utilize techniques whereby Ag NW suspensions are deposited onto substrates via droplets. Aerosolized droplets increase risk of occupational Ag NW exposure. Currently, there are few published studies on Ag NW exposure-related health effects. Concerns have risen about the potential for greater toxicity from exposure to high-aspect ratio nanomaterials compared to their non-fibrous counterparts. This study examines whether Ag NWs of varying lengths affect biological responses and silver distribution within the lungs at different time-points. Two different sizes of Ag NWs (2 μm [S-Ag NWs] and 20 μm [L-Ag NWs]) were tested. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with Ag NWs (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg). Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained at 1, 7, and 21 days post exposure for analysis of BAL total cells, cell differentials, and total protein as well as tissue pathology and silver distribution. The two highest doses produced significant increases in BAL endpoints. At Day 1, Ag NWs increased total cells, inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and total protein. PMNs persisted for both Ag NW types at Day 7, though not significantly so, and by Day 21, PMNs appeared in line with sham control values. Striking histopathological features associated with Ag NWs included 1) a strong influx of eosinophils at Days 1 and 7; and 2) formation of Langhans and foreign body giant cells at Days 7 and 21. Epithelial sloughing in the terminal bronchioles (TB) and cellular exudate in alveolar regions were also common. By Day 21, Ag NWs were primarily enclosed in granulomas or surrounded by numerous macrophages in the TB-alveolar duct junction. These findings suggest short and long Ag NWs produce pulmonary toxicity; thus, further research into exposure-related health effects and possible exposure scenarios are necessary to ensure human safety as Ag NW demand increases. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0052-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Meyerholz DK;Griffin MA;Castilow EM;Varga SM
通讯作者：
Varga SM
影响因子：
14
作者：
Chen, Sulin;Jones, Jacqueline A.;Xu, Yongan;Low, Hong-Yee;Anderson, James M.;Leong, Kam W.
通讯作者：
Leong, Kam W.
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Scanlan, Leona D.;Reed, Robert B.;Loguinov, Alexandre V.;Antczak, Philipp;Tagmount, Abderrahmane;Aloni, Shaul;Nowinski, Daniel Thomas;Luong, Pauline;Tran, Christine;Karunaratne, Nadeeka;Don Pham;Lin, Xin Xin;Falciani, Francesco;Higgins, Christopher P.;Ranville, James F.;Vulpe, Chris D.;Gilbert, Benjamin
通讯作者：
Gilbert, Benjamin
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Gilbert B;Fakra SC;Xia T;Pokhrel S;Mädler L;Nel AE
通讯作者：
Nel AE
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Silva, Rona M.;Doudrick, Kyle;Franzi, Lisa M.;TeeSy, Christel;Anderson, Donald S.;Wu, Zheqiong;Mitra, Somenath;Vu, Vincent;Dutrow, Gavin;Evans, James E.;Westerhoff, Paul;Van Winkle, Laura S.;Raabe, Otto G.;Pinkerton, Kent E.
通讯作者：
Pinkerton, Kent E.