The fate of ZnO nanoparticles administered to human bronchial epithelial cells.

The fate of ZnO nanoparticles administered to human bronchial epithelial cells.
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DOI:
10.1021/nn300425a
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发表时间:
2012-06-26
期刊:
影响因子:
17.1
通讯作者:
Nel AE
Nel AE
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gilbert B;Fakra SC;Xia T;Pokhrel S;Mädler L;Nel AE

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纳米毒理学的一个特殊挑战是评估溶解在水性液体中的纳米材料的生物命运和毒性。氧化锌纳米材料特别令人关注,因为溶解导致有毒的二价锌离子的释放。虽然溶解的锌离子已被牵连在ZnO的细胞毒性,锌的化学形式所采取的暴露于ZnO纳米粒子,其细胞内的命运,尚未实现的直接鉴定。我们结合了高分辨率X射线光谱显微镜和高元素灵敏度X射线微探针分析,以确定暴露于人支气管上皮细胞BEAS-2B培养物后ZnO和可溶性较低的铁掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒的命运。我们用细胞表面的原子力显微镜补充了二维X射线成像方法,以区分细胞内运输的纳米颗粒和粘附在细胞外部的纳米颗粒。这些数据表明,ZnO纳米颗粒的细胞摄取是锌在细胞中积累的机制。摄取后,ZnO纳米颗粒完全溶解,产生由分子配体络合的细胞内Zn 2+。这些结果证实了ZnO纳米颗粒毒性的模型,该模型是基于纳米颗粒吸收,然后细胞内溶解。
A particular challenge for nanotoxicology is the evaluation of the biological fate and toxicity of nanomaterials that dissolve in aqueous fluids. Zinc oxide nanomaterials are of particular concern because dissolution leads to release of the toxic divalent zinc ion. Although dissolved zinc ions have been implicated in ZnO cytotoxicity, direct identification of the chemical form of zinc taken up by cells exposed to ZnO nanoparticles, and its intracellular fate, has not yet been achieved. We combined high resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy and high elemental sensitivity X-ray microprobe analyses to determine the fate of ZnO and less soluble iron-doped ZnO nanoparticles following exposure to cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B. We complemented two-dimensional X-ray imaging methods with atomic force microscopy of cell surfaces to distinguish between nanoparticles that were transported inside the cells from those that adhered to the cell exterior. The data suggest cellular uptake of ZnO nanoparticles is a mechanism of zinc accumulation in cells. Following uptake, ZnO nanoparticles dissolved completely generating intracellular Zn2+ complexed by molecular ligands. These results corroborate a model for ZnO nanoparticle toxicity that is based on nanoparticle uptake followed by intracellular dissolution.
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