The redeployment of attention to the mouth of a talking face during the second year of life.
The redeployment of attention to the mouth of a talking face during the second year of life.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2018.03.009
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Lewkowicz DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hillairet de Boisferon A;Tift AH;Minar NJ;Lewkowicz DJ
先前的研究发现，当单语婴儿接触到用母语说话的面孔时，8至10个月大的婴儿会更多地注意说话者的嘴巴，而12个月大的婴儿则不再这样做。据推测，在 8-10 个月大时，说话者的注意力集中在说话者的嘴上，反映了对高度显着的视听 (AV) 语音线索的依赖，以获取基本的言语形式，而随后在 12 个月大时，对嘴的注意力的下降反映了基本的母语语言技能的出现。在这里，我们研究了婴儿在完全进入单词学习阶段后是否会重新将注意力转移到嘴巴上。为了测试这种可能性，我们记录了学习单语英语的 14 和 18 个月儿童在看到和听到说话者以婴儿导向 (ID) 或成人导向 (AD) 方式进行英语或西班牙语独白时的目光注视。结果表明，14 个月大的孩子在接触 ID 话语时更多地关注说话者的嘴而不是眼睛，而 18 个月大的孩子在接触 ID 和 AD 话语时更多地关注说话者的嘴。这些结果表明，当婴儿进入单词习得阶段时，他们会将注意力重新分配到说话者的嘴上，这表明婴儿依赖于冗余 AV 语音线索的更大感知显着性来习得他们的词汇。
Previous studies have found that when monolingual infants are exposed to a talking face speaking in a native language, 8- to 10-month-olds attend more to the talker’s mouth, whereas 12-month-olds no longer do so. It has been hypothesized that the attentional focus on the talker’s mouth at 8–10 months of age reflects reliance on the highly salient audiovisual (AV) speech cues for the acquisition of basic speech forms and that the subsequent decline of attention to the mouth by 12 months of age reflects the emergence of basic native speech expertise. Here, we investigated whether infants may redeploy their attention to the mouth once they fully enter the word-learning phase. To test this possibility, we recorded eye gaze in monolingual English-learning 14- and 18-month-olds while they saw and heard a talker producing an English or Spanish monologue in either an infant-directed (ID) or adult-directed (AD) manner. Results indicated that the 14- month-olds attended more to the talker’s mouth than to the eyes when exposed to the ID utterance, whereas the 18-month-olds attended more to the talker’s mouth when exposed to both the ID and AD utterances. These results show that infants redeploy their attention to a talker’s mouth when they enter the word acquisition phase and suggest that infants rely on the greater perceptual salience of the redundant AV speech cues to acquire their lexicon.
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