Balanced placebo design with marijuana: pharmacological and expectancy effects on impulsivity and risk taking.
Balanced placebo design with marijuana: pharmacological and expectancy effects on impulsivity and risk taking.
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与大麻的平衡安慰剂设计：药理学和期望对冲动和冒险的影响。
DOI：
10.1007/s00213-012-2740-y
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Rohsenow, Damaris J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Metrik, Jane;Kahler, Christopher W.;Reynolds, Brady;McGeary, John E.;Monti, Peter M.;Haney, Margaret;de Wit, Harriet;Rohsenow, Damaris J.
Maritime被认为会增加冲动和冒险行为，但它影响这些行为的过程尚不清楚。事实上，δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）的药理作用或接受它的预期可能会导致认知过程的缺陷和冒险行为的增加。我们使用平衡安慰剂设计检查了预期接受活性大麻和药理学药物作用的相对影响。年轻的成年经常吸食大麻的人（N=136）被随机分配到四个组中的一个，在一个2 × 2的教学集（告诉THC与告诉没有THC）的药物管理（吸食大麻与2.8%THC与安慰剂）设计。依赖的措施包括主观中毒，行为冲动，和决策有关的危险行为。活跃的THC，无论预期如何，都会削弱对停止信号和Stroop颜色词任务的抑制。吸烟THC的期望，无论活性药物，减少冲动决策的延迟折扣任务中的参与者报告没有欺骗和增加感知的妇女的性风险，与补偿效应一致。吸烟THC与活性THC相结合的预期增加了对危险酒精使用的负面看法。活性药物和预期独立增加主观中毒。结果强调了大麻预期效应的重要性，因为相信自己吸食大麻的用户可以通过做出不那么冲动和冒险的决定来补偿预期的醉酒效应。相比之下，大麻对冲动去抑制的影响反映了参与者没有补偿的直接药理作用。
Marijuana is believed to increase impulsivity and risk taking, but the processes whereby it affects such behaviors are not understood. Indeed, either the pharmacologic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or the expectancy of receiving it may lead to deficits in cognitive processing and increases in risk taking. We examined the relative effects of expecting to receive active marijuana and the pharmacological drug effects using a balanced placebo design. Young adult regular marijuana users (N=136) were randomly assigned into one of four groups in a two × two instructional set (Told THC vs. Told no THC) by drug administration (smoked marijuana with 2.8 % THC vs. placebo) design. Dependent measures included subjective intoxication, behavioral impulsivity, and decision-making related to risky behaviors. Active THC, regardless of expectancy, impaired inhibition on the Stop Signal and Stroop Color-Word tasks. Expectancy of having smoked THC, regardless of active drug, decreased impulsive decision-making on a delay discounting task among participants reporting no deception and increased perception of sexual risk among women, consistent with a compensatory effect. Expectancy of smoking THC in combination with active THC increased negative perceptions from risky alcohol use. Active drug and expectancy independently increased subjective intoxication. Results highlight the importance of marijuana expectancy effects as users believing they are smoking marijuana may compensate for expected intoxication effects when engaged in deliberate decision-making by making less impulsive and risky decisions. Effects of marijuana on impulsive disinhibition, by contrast, reflect direct pharmacologic effects for which participants did not compensate.
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DOI：
10.1177/1534582303257007
发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience reviews
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fillmore, Mark T
通讯作者：
Fillmore, Mark T
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
CHAIT, LD;FISCHMAN, MW;SCHUSTER, CR
通讯作者：
SCHUSTER, CR
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
HOOKER, WD;JONES, RT
通讯作者：
JONES, RT
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Cooper, Ziva D.;Haney, Margaret
通讯作者：
Haney, Margaret
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Brodbeck, Jeannette;Matter, Monika;Moggi, Franz
通讯作者：
Moggi, Franz