Friends near and afar, through thick and thin: Comparing contingency of help between close-distance and long-distance friends in Tanzanian fishing villages
Friends near and afar, through thick and thin: Comparing contingency of help between close-distance and long-distance friends in Tanzanian fishing villages
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远近之友、同甘共苦：坦桑尼亚渔村近友与远友救助的应急性比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.09.004
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Borgerhoff Mulder, Monique
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Kristopher M.;Pisor, Anne C.;Aron, Bertha;Bernard, Kasambo;Fimbo, Paschal;Kimesera, Rose;Borgerhoff Mulder, Monique
人类在长距离上建立并保持友谊，这可以提供对影响整个当地社区的重大冲击的非本地资源和支持。然而，在远距离的友谊中，背叛的风险可能更大，因为在更远的距离上监控背叛更加困难;因此，远距离朋友之间的帮助可能比近距离朋友之间的帮助更明显地是偶然的。我们采访了来自坦桑尼亚21个渔村的918名参与者，询问他们是否从住在他们村庄的朋友和住在邻村的朋友那里得到了礼物或贷款形式的帮助。由于当地人期望贷款会被偿还，但礼物不会，我们预测，近距离的朋友更有可能帮助礼物，而远距离的朋友更有可能帮助贷款。与我们的预测相反，近距离朋友和远距离朋友之间的礼物和贷款在种类和数量上相似，尽管近距离朋友提供帮助的频率更高，这可能是因为近距离朋友更有可能经常见面，并且属于同一个宗教团体。这些结果表明，远距离友谊是一个重要的，可能是强大的，管理风险和获取更多资源的策略。
Humans form and maintain friendships across long distances, which can provide access to non-local resources and support against large shocks that affect the entire local community. However, there may be a greater risk of defection in long-distance friendships, as monitoring for defection is more difficult at greater distances; accordingly, help between long-distance friends may be more explicitly contingent than between close-distance friends. We interviewed 918 participants from 21 fishing villages in Tanzania about whether they had received help in the form of a gift or loan from a friend living in their village and a friend living in a neighboring village. As there are local expectations that loans will be repaid but gifts will not, we predicted that close-distance friends would be more likely to help with gifts, whereas long-distance friends would be more likely to help with loans. Contrary to our predictions, gifts and loans between close- and long-distance friends were similar in kind and amount, though close-distance friends provided help more frequently, possibly because close-distance friends are more likely to meet frequently and belong to the same religious congregation. These results indicate that long-distance friendships are an important, and likely robust, strategy for managing risk and accessing more resources.
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