On the origin of the treponematoses: a phylogenetic approach.
On the origin of the treponematoses: a phylogenetic approach.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000148
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发表时间：
2008-01-15
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Armelagos, George J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harper, Kristin N.;Ocampo, Paolo S.;Steiner, Bret M.;George, Robert W.;Silverman, Michael S.;Bolotin, Shelly;Pillay, Allan;Saunders, Nigel J.;Armelagos, George J.
自1495年第一次有记录的梅毒流行以来，围绕着梅毒螺旋体（Treponema pallidum subsp）的起源一直存在争议。梅毒及其与其他梅毒螺旋体疾病病原体的关系：雅司病、地方性梅毒和品他。一些研究人员认为，引起梅毒的细菌或其祖先是由克里斯托弗哥伦布和他的手下从新大陆带到欧洲的，而其他人则认为，包括梅毒在内的密螺旋体病在欧洲大陆的历史要长得多。我们将遗传学应用于这个问题，使用来自26个地理上不同的致病性密螺旋体菌株的21个遗传区域的数据。在所有被检测的菌株中，引起性病梅毒的菌株起源于最近，并且与来自南美洲的引起哈欠的菌株的关系比与其他非性病菌株的关系更密切。旧大陆的致哈欠菌株在树上占据了基部位置，表明它们最早出现在人类历史上，而T。发现苍白球与它们无法区分。我们的研究结果支持了梅毒起源的哥伦比亚理论，同时表明非性传播的亚种在旧世界出现得更早。这项研究是首次尝试使用分子遗传学来解决梅毒起源问题，也是关于西半球非性病菌株遗传组成的第一个信息来源。500年来，围绕T.苍白球亚种pallidum，梅毒的病原菌。克里斯托弗·哥伦布和他的手下在前往新大陆的航行中感染了这种病原体，他们是否将这种病原体引入了文艺复兴时期的欧洲？或者梅毒在旧世界有更古老的历史？本文代表了第一次尝试使用系统发育的方法来解决这个问题。此外，它阐明了导致梅毒的病原体和其他T之间的进化关系。pallidum亚种，引起被忽视的热带疾病雅司病和地方性梅毒。使用收集的致病性密螺旋体菌株是前所未有的大小，我们表明，雅司病似乎是一个古老的感染人类，而性病梅毒出现在人类历史上相对较近。此外，在这项研究中发现的梅毒致病菌株的近亲是在南美洲发现的，这为梅毒起源的哥伦比亚理论提供了支持。
Since the first recorded epidemic of syphilis in 1495, controversy has surrounded the origins of the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and its relationship to the pathogens responsible for the other treponemal diseases: yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta. Some researchers have argued that the syphilis-causing bacterium, or its progenitor, was brought from the New World to Europe by Christopher Columbus and his men, while others maintain that the treponematoses, including syphilis, have a much longer history on the European continent. We applied phylogenetics to this problem, using data from 21 genetic regions examined in 26 geographically disparate strains of pathogenic Treponema. Of all the strains examined, the venereal syphilis-causing strains originated most recently and were more closely related to yaws-causing strains from South America than to other non-venereal strains. Old World yaws-causing strains occupied a basal position on the tree, indicating that they arose first in human history, and a simian strain of T. pallidum was found to be indistinguishable from them. Our results lend support to the Columbian theory of syphilis's origin while suggesting that the non-sexually transmitted subspecies arose earlier in the Old World. This study represents the first attempt to address the problem of the origin of syphilis using molecular genetics, as well as the first source of information regarding the genetic make-up of non-venereal strains from the Western hemisphere. For 500 years, controversy has raged around the origin of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, the bacterium responsible for syphilis. Did Christopher Columbus and his men introduce this pathogen into Renaissance Europe, after contracting it during their voyage to the New World? Or does syphilis have a much older history in the Old World? This paper represents the first attempt to use a phylogenetic approach to solve this question. In addition, it clarifies the evolutionary relationships between the pathogen that causes syphilis and the other T. pallidum subspecies, which cause the neglected tropical diseases yaws and endemic syphilis. Using a collection of pathogenic Treponema strains that is unprecedented in size, we show that yaws appears to be an ancient infection in humans while venereal syphilis arose relatively recently in human history. In addition, the closest relatives of syphilis-causing strains identified in this study were found in South America, providing support for the Columbian theory of syphilis's origin.
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影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Cameron, CE;Lukehart, SA;Van Voorhis, WC
通讯作者：
Van Voorhis, WC
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Anselmi, M;Moreira, JM;Tognoni, G
通讯作者：
Tognoni, G
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Centurion-Lara, A;Castro, C;Lukehart, SA
通讯作者：
Lukehart, SA
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Giacani, L;Sambri, V;Cevenini, R
通讯作者：
Cevenini, R
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Cameron, CE;Castro, C;Van Voorhis, WC
通讯作者：
Van Voorhis, WC