Tracing the origins of rescued chimpanzees reveals widespread chimpanzee hunting in Cameroon.
Tracing the origins of rescued chimpanzees reveals widespread chimpanzee hunting in Cameroon.
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DOI：
10.1186/1472-6785-10-2
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发表时间：
2010-01-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gonder MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghobrial L;Lankester F;Kiyang JA;Akih AE;de Vries S;Fotso R;Gadsby EL;Jenkins PD Jr;Gonder MK
虽然野生黑猩猩的数量正在急剧下降，但它们在非洲救援和康复项目中的数量正在迅速增长。黑猩猩沿着复杂的路线到达这些避难所;它们的地理起源往往不清楚。确定狩猎发生的地区可以帮助执法当局将稀缺资源集中用于野生动物保护规划。有效地集中这些资源在喀麦隆尤其重要，因为该国是国际野生动物犯罪集团的一个关键运输中转站。此外，喀麦隆是两个黑猩猩亚种的家园，这使得确定这些黑猩猩的起源对于重新引入计划和涉及这些黑猩猩的科学调查非常重要。我们估计了46只来自喀麦隆林贝野生动物中心（LWC）的黑猩猩的地理起源。使用贝叶斯近似方法，我们确定了他们的起源使用mtDNA序列和微卫星（STRP）基因型相比，从喀麦隆和尼日利亚的10个地点的地理参考黑猩猩样本的空间地图。LWC黑猩猩来自喀麦隆的多个地区或跨越喀麦隆-尼日利亚边境的森林地区。LWC黑猩猩被进一步划分为起源于喀麦隆三个重要的地理区域之一，但我们无法将这些起源估计细化到这三个区域内更具体的区域。我们的研究结果表明，黑猩猩狩猎在喀麦隆很普遍。活动物走私似乎发生在喀麦隆境内的地方，尽管存在着在国际上运作的当地野生动物卡特尔。这一模式不同于在大象等其他有商业价值的物种中观察到的非法野生动物贸易模式，在这些物种中，特定种群被作为剥削的目标。与更全面的地理参考样本网格相比，更广泛的获救黑猩猩样本可能会揭示喀麦隆黑猩猩狩猎和活体动物运输路线的“热点”。这些结果也说明，澄清避难黑猩猩的起源是设计重新引入计划的重要工具。最后，避难所的黑猩猩经常被用于科学调查，例如调查人畜共患疾病历史的研究。我们的研究结果为在精确的地理框架内解释这些研究提供了重要的新信息。
While wild chimpanzees are experiencing drastic population declines, their numbers at African rescue and rehabilitation projects are growing rapidly. Chimpanzees follow complex routes to these refuges; and their geographic origins are often unclear. Identifying areas where hunting occurs can help law enforcement authorities focus scarce resources for wildlife protection planning. Efficiently focusing these resources is particularly important in Cameroon because this country is a key transportation waypoint for international wildlife crime syndicates. Furthermore, Cameroon is home to two chimpanzee subspecies, which makes ascertaining the origins of these chimpanzees important for reintroduction planning and for scientific investigations involving these chimpanzees. We estimated geographic origins of 46 chimpanzees from the Limbe Wildlife Centre (LWC) in Cameroon. Using Bayesian approximation methods, we determined their origins using mtDNA sequences and microsatellite (STRP) genotypes compared to a spatial map of georeferenced chimpanzee samples from 10 locations spanning Cameroon and Nigeria. The LWC chimpanzees come from multiple regions of Cameroon or forested areas straddling the Cameroon-Nigeria border. The LWC chimpanzees were partitioned further as originating from one of three biogeographically important zones occurring in Cameroon, but we were unable to refine these origin estimates to more specific areas within these three zones. Our findings suggest that chimpanzee hunting is widespread across Cameroon. Live animal smuggling appears to occur locally within Cameroon, despite the existence of local wildlife cartels that operate internationally. This pattern varies from the illegal wildlife trade patterns observed in other commercially valuable species, such as elephants, where specific populations are targeted for exploitation. A broader sample of rescued chimpanzees compared against a more comprehensive grid of georeferenced samples may reveal 'hotspots' of chimpanzee hunting and live animal transport routes in Cameroon. These results illustrate also that clarifying the origins of refuge chimpanzees is an important tool for designing reintroduction programs. Finally, chimpanzees at refuges are frequently used in scientific investigations, such as studies investigating the history of zoonotic diseases. Our results provide important new information for interpreting these studies within a precise geographical framework.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Fischer, Anne;Pollack, Joshua;Paeaebo, Svante
通讯作者：
Paeaebo, Svante
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Goldberg, TL
通讯作者：
Goldberg, TL
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Becquet C;Patterson N;Stone AC;Przeworski M;Reich D
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Posada, D;Crandall, KA
通讯作者：
Crandall, KA
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Gonder, Mary Katherine;Disotell, Todd R.;Oates, John F.
通讯作者：
Oates, John F.