Acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on mortality: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on mortality: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.010
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Papatheodorou SI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Achilleos S;Kioumourtzoglou MA;Wu CD;Schwartz JD;Koutrakis P;Papatheodorou SI
PM2.5暴露与不良健康结果之间的联系在世界各地的研究中得到了很好的证明。然而，报告的影响估计值因研究、地点和成分而异。我们的目的是使用特定城市的估计值对PM2.5成分的短期暴露与死亡率之间的关联进行荟萃分析，并探索可能解释一些观察到的异质性的因素。我们系统地回顾了截至2015年7月使用PubMed和Web of Science数据库进行的关于颗粒成分和死亡率的流行病学研究。我们纳入了研究，研究了一般成年人群短期暴露于PM2.5成分与全因、心血管和呼吸系统死亡率之间的关系。根据预先规定的研究关键参数（例如，地点，时间段，人群，诊断分类标准），我们使用健康评估和翻译办公室（OHAT）方法对每个纳入研究的偏倚风险进行了评估。我们提取了城市特定的死亡风险估计的每一个组成部分和死亡原因。对于多城市研究，我们要求作者提供特定城市的风险估计，除非在文章中报告。我们使用特定城市的估计值进行了随机效应荟萃分析，并检查了不同地区和城市特征（PM2.5浓度水平，气温，海拔，植被，老年人口规模，人口密度和基线死亡率）的影响是否可以解释观察到的异质性。我们发现，PM2.5每增加10 µ g/m3，全因死亡率增加0.89%（95% CI：0.68，1.10%），心血管死亡率增加0.80%（95% CI：0.41，1.20%），呼吸道死亡率增加1.10%（95% CI：0.59，1.62%）。考虑到单日研究诱导的向下偏倚，全因死亡率估计值增加至1.01%（95% CI：0.81，1.20%）。我们发现死亡率与几种PM2.5成分之间存在显着关联。元素碳（EC）和钾（K）观察到最一致和最强的关联。对于大多数成分，我们观察到不同城市的影响估计值具有很高的变异性。我们的荟萃分析表明，（a）燃烧元素，如EC和K与死亡率有更强的关联，（B）单一滞后研究低估了影响，（c）PM2.5和成分的估计在不同地区存在差异。在成分的健康模型中考虑PM质量可能会导致不同研究中更稳定和可比较的效果估计。PROSPERO：CRD42017055765
The link between PM2.5 exposure and adverse health outcomes is well documented from studies across the world. However, the reported effect estimates vary across studies, locations and constituents. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and mortality using city-specific estimates, and explore factors that may explain some of the observed heterogeneity. We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies on particle constituents and mortality using PubMed and Web of Science databases up to July 2015. We included studies that examined the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, in the general adult population. Each study was summarized based on pre-specified study key parameters (e.g., location, time period, population, diagnostic classification standard), and we evaluated the risk of bias using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Method for each included study. We extracted city-specific mortality risk estimates for each constituent and cause of mortality. For multi-city studies, we requested the city-specific risk estimates from the authors unless reported in the article. We performed random effects meta-analyses using city-specific estimates, and examined whether the effects vary across regions and city characteristics (PM2.5 concentration levels, air temperature, elevation, vegetation, size of elderly population, population density, and baseline mortality) can explain the observed heterogeneity. We found a 0.89% (95% CI: 0.68, 1.10%) increase in all-cause, a 0.80% (95% CI: 0.41, 1.20%) increase in cardiovascular, and a 1.10% (95% CI: 0.59, 1.62%) increase in respiratory mortality per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Accounting for the downward bias induced by studies of single days, the all-cause mortality estimate increased to 1.01% (95% CI: 0.81, 1.20%). We found significant associations between mortality and several PM2.5 constituents. The most consistent and stronger associations were observed for elemental carbon (EC) and potassium (K). For most of the constituents, we observed high variability of effect estimates across cities. Our meta-analysis suggests that (a) combustion elements such as EC and K have a stronger association with mortality, (b) single lag studies underestimate effects, and (c) estimates of PM2.5 and constituents differ across regions. Accounting for PM mass in constituent’s health models may lead to more stable and comparable effect estimates across different studies. PROSPERO: CRD42017055765
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Cassee FR;Héroux ME;Gerlofs-Nijland ME;Kelly FJ
通讯作者：
Kelly FJ
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Dai L;Zanobetti A;Koutrakis P;Schwartz JD
通讯作者：
Schwartz JD
DOI：
10.3200/aeoh.59.5.228-236
发表时间：
2004-05-01
期刊：
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Burnett, RT;Stieb, D;Dann, T
通讯作者：
Dann, T
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Ballester, F;Corella, D;Hervas, A
通讯作者：
Hervas, A
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Carder, M.;McNamee, R.;Agius, R. M.
通讯作者：
Agius, R. M.