Temporal trends in phthalate exposures: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2010.

Temporal trends in phthalate exposures: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2010.
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DOI:
10.1289/ehp.1306681
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发表时间:
2014-03
影响因子:
10.4
通讯作者:
Woodruff TJ
Woodruff TJ
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zota AR;Calafat AM;Woodruff TJ

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背景:邻苯二甲酸酯是普遍存在的环境污染物。由于对人类健康的潜在不良影响,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯[BBzP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单苄酯(MBzP)]、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯[DnBP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯(MnBP)]和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)正在被包括其他邻苯二甲酸酯在内的替代品所取代;然而,对人群水平暴露的后续趋势知之甚少。目的:我们研究了美国普通人群中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物尿液浓度的时间趋势,以及趋势是否因社会人口特征而异。研究方法:我们结合了来自五个周期的国家健康和营养检查调查(2001-2010)的11,071名参与者的11种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的数据。根据多变量回归模型计算百分比变化和最小二乘几何平均值(LSGM)。结果如下:2001-2002年和2009-2010年之间,邻苯二甲酸单乙酯、MnBP、MBzP和DEHP代谢产物的LSGM浓度降低[百分比变化(95% CI):分别为-42%(-49,-34); -17%(-23,-9); -32%(-39,-23)和-37%(-46,-26)]。相比之下,邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸单(3-羧基丙基)酯(MCPP)、邻苯二甲酸单羧基辛酯和邻苯二甲酸单羧基壬酯(MCNP)的LSGM浓度在研究期间增加[百分比变化(95% CI):分别为206%(178,236); 25%(8,45); 149%(102,207)和15%(1,30)]。某些邻苯二甲酸酯的趋势因亚群而异。例如,LSGM中DEHP代谢物、MCPP和MCNP的浓度在儿童中高于成人,但两组之间的差距随着时间的推移而缩小(p相互作用< 0.01)。结论:在过去十年中,美国人群对邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露发生了变化。由于数据方面的差距,很难解释趋势,但非政府组织的立法活动和宣传运动可能在改变趋势方面发挥作用。引文:Zota AZ,卡拉法特AM,Woodruff TJ。2014.邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的时间趋势:2001-2010年国家健康和营养检查调查的结果。环境健康展望122:235-241; http:dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306681 
Background: Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Because of potential adverse effects on human health, butylbenzyl phthalate [BBzP; metabolite, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP)], di-n-butyl phthalate [DnBP; metabolite, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP)], and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are being replaced by substitutes including other phthalates; however, little is known about consequent trends in population-level exposures. Objective: We examined temporal trends in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in the general U.S. population and whether trends vary by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: We combined data on 11 phthalate metabolites for 11,071 participants from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2010). Percent changes and least square geometric means (LSGMs) were calculated from multivariate regression models. Results: LSGM concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, MnBP, MBzP, and ΣDEHP metabolites decreased between 2001–2002 and 2009–2010 [percent change (95% CI): –42% (–49, –34); –17% (–23, –9); –32% (–39, –23) and –37% (–46, –26), respectively]. In contrast, LSGM concentrations of monoisobutyl phthalate, mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, and monocarboxynonyl phthalate (MCNP) increased over the study period [percent change (95% CI): 206% (178, 236); 25% (8, 45); 149% (102, 207); and 15% (1, 30), respectively]. Trends varied by subpopulations for certain phthalates. For example, LSGM concentrations of ΣDEHP metabolites, MCPP, and MCNP were higher in children than adults, but the gap between groups narrowed over time (pinteraction < 0.01). Conclusions: Exposure of the U.S. population to phthalates has changed in the last decade. Data gaps make it difficult to explain trends, but legislative activity and advocacy campaigns by nongovernmental organizations may play a role in changing trends. Citation: Zota AZ, Calafat AM, Woodruff TJ. 2014. Temporal trends in phthalate exposures: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2010. Environ Health Perspect 122:235–241; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306681
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