Xenopus pronephros development--past, present, and future.
Xenopus pronephros development--past, present, and future.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00467-011-1881-2
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Tran, Uyen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wessely, Oliver;Tran, Uyen
肾脏发育是一个多步骤的过程，其中未分化的间充质通过几个诱导事件转化为高度复杂的器官。对这些事件的一般原则进行了深入调查，尽管取得了广泛进展，但仍存在许多悬而未决的问题。虽然小鼠和大鼠的后肾已经作为主要模型，但其他生物也对该领域做出了重大贡献。特别是，更原始的前肾由于其简单性和实验可及性而成为替代模型。肾单位发育的许多方面，如沿着其近端-远端轴的模式，在进化上是保守的，因此直接适用于高等脊椎动物。这篇综述将集中在目前的了解爪蟾前肾的发展。它总结了如何信号，转录调控，以及转录后机制有助于肾上皮细胞的分化。这些数据表明，即使在简单的原肾中，调节肾器官发生的机制也是非常复杂的。它还表明，要充分理解所有的复杂性，就需要进行多方面的分析，包括现代全基因组方法与单基因分析相结合。
Kidney development is a multi-step process, where undifferentiated mesenchyme is converted into a highly complex organ through several inductive events. The general principles regulating these events have been under intense investigation and despite extensive progress many open questions remain. While the metanephric kidneys of mouse and rat have served as the primary model, other organisms also significantly contribute to the field. In particular, the more primitive pronephric kidney has emerged as an alternative model due to its simplicity and experimental accessibility. Many aspects of nephron development such as the patterning along its proximo-distal axis are evolutionarily conserved and are therefore directly applicable to higher vertebrates. This review will focus on the current understanding of pronephros development in Xenopus. It summarizes how signaling, transcriptional regulation, as well as post-transcriptional mechanisms contribute to the differentiation of renal epithelial cells. The data show that even in the simple pronephros the mechanisms regulating kidney organogenesis are highly complex. It also illustrates that a multifaceted analysis embracing modern genome-wide approaches combined with single gene analysis will be required to fully understand all the intricacies.
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