Safety signals mitigate the consequences of uncontrollable stress via a circuit involving the sensory insular cortex and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
Safety signals mitigate the consequences of uncontrollable stress via a circuit involving the sensory insular cortex and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.004
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Maier, Steven F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christianson, John P.;Jennings, Joshua H.;Ragole, Thomas;Flyer, Johana G. N.;Benison, Alexander M.;Barth, Daniel S.;Watkins, Linda R.;Maier, Steven F.
当安全信号在暴露于无法控制的应激源时提供时，会产生强大的缓冲作用。我们评估了感觉岛叶皮质(Si)和延伸的杏仁核在这一“安全信号效应”中的作用。将大鼠植入微量注射套管，暴露在有或没有安全信号的不可避免的尾部电击中，然后测试焦虑样行为或神经元Fos的表达。暴露在不可控的压力源下会减少后来的社会探索，但在有安全信号的情况下不会。在应激源暴露期间暂时抑制硅，但在后来的行为测试中不会，阻断了社会探索的安全信号效应。应激源诱导杏仁核各区Fos表达，但安全信号显著减少杏仁核基底外侧区和终纹床核腹外侧区Fos免疫反应细胞数。在不可控应激源暴露期间抑制BNSTlv神经元活动，阻止了后来社会探索的减少。最后，安全信号减少了在无法控制的压力下冻结的时间。这些数据表明，安全信号抑制了神经恐惧或焦虑反应，而神经恐惧或焦虑反应通常发生在不可控的应激源中，抑制BNSTlv足以防止后来的焦虑。这些数据支持了越来越多的证据，证明慢性恐惧是在杏仁基底外侧核和BNSTlv传递的，以及在压力期间调节恐惧的环境因素将改变应激源的长期后果。
Safety signals exert a powerful buffering effect when provided during exposure to uncontrollable stressors. We evaluated the role of the sensory insular cortex (Si) and the extend amygdala in this “safety signal effect.” Rats were implanted with microinjection cannula, exposed to inescapable tailshocks either with or without a safety signal and later tested for anxiety-like behavior or neuronal Fos expression. Exposure to the uncontrollable stressor reduced later social exploration, but not when safety signals were present. Temporary inhibition of Si during stressor exposure, but not during later behavioral testing, blocked the safety signal effect on social exploration. The stressor induced Fos in all regions of the amygdala, but safety signals significantly reduced the number of Fos immunoreactive cells in the basolateral amygdala and ventrolateral region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTlv). Inhibition of BNSTlv neuronal activity during uncontrollable stressor exposure prevented the later reduction in social exploration. Finally, safety signals reduced the time spent freezing during uncontrollable stress. These data suggest that safety signals inhibit the neural fear or anxiety response that normally occurs during uncontrollable stressors and that inhibition of the BNSTlv is sufficient to prevent later anxiety. These data lend support to a growing body of evidence that chronic fear is mediated in the basolateral amygdala and BNSTlv and that environmental factors that modulate fear during stress will alter the long-term consequences of the stressor.
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影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Christianson, John P.;Ragole, Thomas;Amat, Jose;Greenwood, Benjamin N.;Strong, Paul V.;Paul, Evan D.;Fleshner, Monika;Watkins, Linda R.;Maier, Steven F.
通讯作者：
Maier, Steven F.
在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧：恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2009.109
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Greenwood, Benjamin N.;Strong, Paul V.;Fleshner, Monika
通讯作者：
Fleshner, Monika
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Hammack, SE;Richey, KJ;Maier, SF
通讯作者：
Maier, SF
感觉岛叶皮层介导安全信号的压力缓冲作用，但不介导行为控制。
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Christianson, John P.;Benison, Alexander M.;Jennings, Joshua;Sandsmark, Emilee K.;Amat, Jose;Kaufman, Richard D.;Baratta, Michael V.;Paul, Evan D.;Campeau, Serge;Watkins, Linda R.;Barth, Daniel S.;Maier, Steven F.
通讯作者：
Maier, Steven F.