N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: from molecular biology to the clinic.
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: from molecular biology to the clinic.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11745-003-1068-y
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发表时间：
2003-04
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Calder PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calder PC
免疫系统参与宿主对感染因子、肿瘤细胞和环境损伤的防御。炎症是早期免疫反应的重要组成部分。不适当或功能失调的免疫反应是急性和慢性炎性疾病的基础。n−6 PUFA花生四烯酸（AA）是在炎症和免疫调节中起重要作用的白藜芦醇、白三烯和相关化合物的前体。喂食鱼油导致EPA部分取代细胞膜中的AA。这通过几种机制导致AA衍生介质的产生减少，包括AA的可用性降低、对环氧合酶（考克斯）和脂氧合酶（LOX）的竞争以及考克斯-2和5-LOX的表达降低。这本身就是n-3 FA潜在的有益抗炎作用。然而，n-3 FA还有许多其他的效应，这些效应可能发生在类花生酸产生改变的下游，或者可能与这种效应无关。例如，膳食鱼油导致促炎性细胞因子的产生受到抑制，并且可以调节粘附分子的表达。这些影响发生在基因表达改变的水平上。鱼油喂养已被证明可以改善一些自身免疫性疾病动物模型的症状，并防止内毒素的影响。临床研究报告说，口服鱼油补充剂对类风湿性关节炎和一些哮喘患者有有益的影响，支持鱼油中的n−3 FA具有抗炎作用的观点。有迹象表明，在肠内和胃肠外配方中加入鱼油对患者有益。
The immune system is involved in host defense against infectious agents, tumor cells, and environmental insults. Inflammation is an important component of the early immunologic response. Inappropriate or dysfunctional immune responses underlie acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The n−6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and related compounds that have important roles in inflammation and in the regulation of immunity. Feeding fish oil results in partial replacement of AA in cell membranes by EPA. This leads to decreased production of AA-derived mediators, through several mechanisms, including decreased availability of AA, competition for cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, and decreased expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX. This alone is a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of n−3 FA. However, n−3 FA have a number of other effects that might occur down-stream of altered eicosanoid production or might be independent of this effect. For example, dietary fish oil results in suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines and can modulate adhesion molecule expression. These effects occur at the level of altered gene expression. Fish oil feeding has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of some animal models of autoimmune disease and to protect against the effects of endotoxin. Clinical studies have reported that oral fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and among some asthmatics, supporting the idea that the n−3 FA in fish oil are anti-inflammatory. There are indications that the inclusion of fish oil in enteral and parenteral formulae is beneficial to patients.
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DOI：
10.1097/00075197-200103000-00006
发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Calder, PC;Zurier, RB
通讯作者：
Zurier, RB
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Arnalich, F;Garcia-Palomero, E;Montiel, C
通讯作者：
Montiel, C
DOI：
10.1006/bbrc.1994.1534
发表时间：
1994-04-29
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
CHANDRASEKAR, B;FERNANDES, G
通讯作者：
FERNANDES, G
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Caughey, GE;Mantzioris, E;James, MJ
通讯作者：
James, MJ
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
CANNON, JG;TOMPKINS, RG;DINARELLO, CA
通讯作者：
DINARELLO, CA