Linking European building activity with plague history

Linking European building activity with plague history
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将欧洲建筑活动与瘟疫历史联系起来

DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2018.08.006
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发表时间:
--
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Büntgen U
Büntgen U
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ljungqvist FC;Tegel W;Krusic PJ;Seim A;Gschwind FM;Haneca K;Herzig F;Heussner K- U;Hofmann J;Houbrechts D;Kontic R;Kyncl T;Leuschner HH;Nicolussi K;Perrault C;Pfeifer K;Schmidhalter M;Seifert M;Walder F;Westphal T;Büntgen U

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建筑活动的变化反映了历史上的人口、经济和社会变化。近几十年来,欧洲数以万计的木结构建筑已被按树木年代学测定。我们利用来自历史建筑 49640 个树木砍伐日期的独特数据集的每年精确证据来重建西欧和中欧大部分地区 1250 年至 1699 年间建筑活动的时间变化,这些地区主要对应于德意志民族的前神圣罗马帝国。与9772次鼠疫爆发的年度记录相比,建筑活动与鼠疫爆发次数呈显着负相关,在鼠疫爆发后的三到四年内,建筑活动在较大规模的鼠疫爆发后出现了最大的减少。比黑死病(公元 1346-1353 年)早 50 年、大饥荒(公元 1315-1322 年)早 20 年,建筑活动显着下降。公元 1300 年预示着一场社会危机,与人口停滞或下降有关。建筑活动的另一次急剧下降与三十年战争(公元 1618 年至 1648 年)同时发生,并证实了这场冲突的破坏性。虽然在粮食价格高涨期间建筑活动明显减少,但在统计上没有发现砍伐日期的数量与过去的气温或水文气候变化之间存在牢固的关系。这项研究证明了树木年代学砍伐日期在文献证据有限的时期作为危机时期和繁荣时期的指标的价值。
Variations in building activity reflect demographic, economic and social change during history. Tens of thousands of wooden constructions in Europe have been dendrochronologically dated in recent decades. We use the annually precise evidence from a unique dataset of 49 640 tree felling dates of historical constructions to reconstruct temporal changes in building activity between 1250 and 1699 CE across a large part of western and central Europe largely corresponding to the former Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Comparison with annual records of 9772 plague outbreaks shows that construction activity was significantly negatively correlated to the number of plague outbreaks, with the greatest decrease in construction following the larger outbreaks by three to four years after the start of the epidemics. Preceding the Black Death (1346–1353 CE) by five decades and the Great Famine (1315–1322 CE) by two decades, a significant decline in construction activity atc. 1300 CE is indicative of a societal crisis, associated with population stagnation or decline. Another dramatic decline in building activity coincides with the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648 CE) and confirms the devastating nature of this conflict. While construction activity was significantly lower during periods of high grain prices, no statistically robust relationship between the number of felling dates and past temperature or hydroclimate variations is found. This study demonstrates the value of dendrochronological felling dates as an indicator for times of crisis and prosperity during periods when documentary evidence is limited.
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