State and local law enforcement agency efforts to prevent sales to obviously intoxicated patrons.
State and local law enforcement agency efforts to prevent sales to obviously intoxicated patrons.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10900-013-9767-9
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Erickson, Darin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lenk, Kathleen M.;Toomey, Traci L.;Nelson, Toben F.;Jones-Webb, Rhonda;Erickson, Darin J.
向醉酒的顾客出售酒精饮料是非法的，可能导致交通事故和暴力等公共卫生问题。在过去的几十年里，已经做出了相当大的努力来减少向未成年人出售酒精饮料，但对向明显喝醉的顾客出售酒精饮料的问题却关注较少。研究发现，向明显喝醉的顾客销售的可能性很高（即，过度服务），但很少有人知道执法机构为减少这些销售所做的努力。我们对全美各州的酒精执法机构和地方执法机构进行了一项调查，以评估他们在有执照的酒精场所执行禁止向醉酒顾客销售酒精的法律的策略。我们随机抽取了1,631个地方机构（1082个参与），并调查了所有49个进行酒精执法的全州机构。据报道，55%的地方机构和90%的州机构在其管辖范围内向明显醉酒的顾客进行销售的情况在一定程度上或非常普遍。20%的地方和60%的州机构报告说，在过去的一年里，他们采取了执法行动，以减少对明显喝醉的顾客的销售。在这些机构中，不到一半的机构至少每月使用具体的执法策略来防止过度饮酒。在地方机构中，执法工作在有专职官员专门负责执行酒精执法工作的机构中更为常见。禁止向明显醉酒的顾客出售酒精的法律的执行是一个未被充分利用的战略，以减少与酒精有关的问题，特别是在当地执法机构。
Alcohol sales to intoxicated patrons are illegal and may lead to public health issues such as traffic crashes and violence. Over the past several decades, considerable effort has been made to reduce alcohol sales to underage persons but less attention has been given to the issue of sales to obviously intoxicated patrons. Studies have found a high likelihood of sales to obviously intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice), but little is known about efforts by enforcement agencies to reduce these sales. We conducted a survey of statewide alcohol enforcement agencies and local law enforcement agencies across the U.S. to assess their strategies for enforcing laws prohibiting alcohol sales to intoxicated patrons at licensed alcohol establishments. We randomly sampled 1,631 local agencies (1082 participated), and surveyed all 49 statewide agencies that conduct alcohol enforcement. Sales to obviously intoxicated patrons were reported to be somewhat or very common in their jurisdiction by 55% of local agencies and 90% of state agencies. Twenty percent of local and 60% of state agencies reported conducting enforcement efforts to reduce sales to obviously intoxicated patrons in the past year. Among these agencies, fewer than half used specific enforcement strategies on at least a monthly basis to prevent overservice of alcohol. Among local agencies, enforcement efforts were more common among agencies that had a full-time officer specifically assigned to carry out alcohol enforcement efforts. Enforcement of laws prohibiting alcohol sales to obviously intoxicated patrons is an underutilized strategy to reduce alcohol-related problems, especially among local law enforcement agencies.
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DOI：
10.1097/01.alc.0000057043.04199.b7
发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Freisthler, B;Gruenewald, PJ;Lee, J
通讯作者：
Lee, J
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-842x.1996.tb01031.x
发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Rydon, P;Stockwell, T;Beel, A
通讯作者：
Beel, A
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Toomey, TL;Wagenaar, AC;Fletcher, L
通讯作者：
Fletcher, L
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00142.x
发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Lenk, KM;Toomey, TL;Erickson, DJ
通讯作者：
Erickson, DJ
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
MCKNIGHT, AJ;STREFF, FM
通讯作者：
STREFF, FM