Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on human regional cerebral blood flow.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on human regional cerebral blood flow.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.018
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Schlaug, Gottfried
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zheng, Xin;Alsop, David C.;Schlaug, Gottfried
经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）可以根据电流方向上调和下调皮层兴奋性，但到目前为止，我们测量刺激的脑组织效应及其后效的能力有限。我们使用局部脑血流量（rCBF），一种脑活动的替代指标，来检查tDCS期间和之后的局部脑组织和脑网络效应。我们改变了刺激的极性（阳极和阴极）以及电流强度（0.8至2.0 mA）。14名健康受试者随机接受阳极或阴极刺激（两名受试者接受两种刺激，间隔一周），同时在MRI扫描仪中采用交替开关采样模式进行动脉自旋标记（ASL）。刺激、MRI兼容电极放置在右侧运动区，参考电极放置在对侧眶上区。使用SPM 5处理和提取rCBF数据，使用放置在刺激头皮电极正下方的运动皮层中的10 mm球形感兴趣体积（VOI）。在刺激过程中，阳极刺激诱导rCBF大幅增加（17.1%），电流关闭后恢复至基线水平，但在刺激后阶段再次显示rCBF增加。阴极刺激在刺激期间诱导较小的增加（5.6%），停止后与基线相比显著降低（-6.5%），刺激后持续降低。与刺激前基线或对照区域相比，rCBF的这些变化均具有显著性。此外，对于阳极刺激，电流强度与相对于刺激前基线的开启期rCBF增加之间存在显著相关性。阳极（静息状态rCBF增加）和阴极（静息状态rCBF减少）tDCS的不同rCBF后效支持阴极和阳极tDCS后的行为和认知后效的发现。我们还表明，tDCS不仅调节刺激电极直接下方的大脑区域的活动，而且还调节与刺激区域功能相关的大脑区域网络的活动。我们的研究结果表明，ASL可能是一个很好的工具，调查tDCS及其刺激参数对大脑活动的影响。
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can up- and down-regulate cortical excitability depending on current direction, however our abilities to measure brain-tissue effects of the stimulation and its after-effects have been limited so far. We used regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), a surrogate measure of brain activity, to examine regional brain-tissue and brain-network effects during and after tDCS. We varied the polarity (anodal and cathodal) as well as the current strength (0.8 to 2.0 mA) of the stimulation. Fourteen healthy subjects were randomized into receiving either anodal or cathodal stimulation (two subjects received both, one week apart) while undergoing Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) in the MRI scanner with an alternating off-on sampling paradigm. The stimulating, MRI-compatible electrode was placed over the right motor region and the reference electrode over the contralateral supraorbital region. SPM5 was used to process and extract the rCBF data using a 10mm spherical volume-of-interest (VOI) placed in the motor cortex directly underneath the stimulating scalp electrode. Anodal stimulation induced a large increase (17.1%) in rCBF during stimulation, which returned to baseline after the current was turned off, but exhibited an increase in rCBF again in the post-stimulation period. Cathodal stimulation induced a smaller increase (5.6%) during stimulation, a significant decrease compared to baseline (−6.5%) after cessation, and a continued decrease in the post-stimulation period. These changes in rCBF were all significant when compared to the pre-stimulation baseline or to a control region. Furthermore, for anodal stimulation, there was a significant correlation between current strength and the increase in rCBF in the on-period relative to the pre-stimulation baseline. The differential rCBF after-effects of anodal (increase in resting state rCBF) and cathodal (decrease in resting state rCBF) tDCS support findings of behavioral and cognitive after-effects after cathodal and anodal tDCS. We also showed that tDCS not only modulates activity in the brain region directly underlying the stimulating electrode but also in a network of brain regions that are functionally related to the stimulated area. Our results indicate that ASL may be an excellent tool to investigate the effects of tDCS and its stimulation parameters on brain activity.
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