Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human-animal interface.
Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human-animal interface.
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人-动物界面血吸虫传播动力学的溢出、杂交和持久性。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2110711118
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发表时间：
2021-10-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Webster JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borlase A;Rudge JW;Léger E;Diouf ND;Fall CB;Diop SD;Catalano S;Sène M;Webster JP
预计动物宿主的人畜共患病病原体外溢对公共卫生的威胁将随着快速的人为变化和移民和土地利用变化等全球趋势而增加。血吸虫病目前在世界范围内感染了2.2亿多人，非洲境内的多宿主血吸虫系统是动物寄生虫外溢到人群中从而形成可存活的杂交寄生虫基因型的一个重要例子。我们的研究表明，人畜共患病溢出和病原体物种之间的复杂相互作用，如寄生虫杂交，可能对当前疾病控制策略的恢复力等产生影响，并可能促进血吸虫病等热带病在其原始地理边界之外的传播。寄生虫的人畜共患外溢和杂交是传染病生物学、进化和控制领域新出现的主要公共和兽医卫生问题。血吸虫病是由血吸虫属寄生虫引起的一种被忽视的具有全球重要性的热带病，非洲境内的血吸虫系统是动物寄生虫外溢到人类种群中从而形成杂交体的一个重要例子。结合基于模型的方法和对塞内加尔北部血吸虫杂交高发地区的寄生虫学、分子和流行病学数据的分析，我们旨在揭示这种复杂的多宿主、多寄生虫系统的传播动力学。利用贝叶斯方法并通过估计基本繁殖数（R0），我们评估了牛血吸虫从牲畜中人畜共患传播的频率，以及牛血吸虫与血血吸虫杂交后代在人群中传播的可能性。我们估计杂交血吸虫的R0大于临界阈值1 (1.76;95% CI 1.59 - 1.99)，表明杂交有可能促进血吸虫病在其原始地理边界之外的传播和建立。我们估计牛链球菌的R0在牛中大于1 (1.43;95% CI 1.24至1.85)，但在其他反刍动物中不大于1，证实牛是人畜共患病的主要宿主。通过纵向模拟，我们还表明，在牛链球菌和血链球菌共流行的地方（分别在牲畜和人类中），随着人类疾病接近消除，预计人畜共患传播的相对重要性将增加。
The threat to public health that is presented by zoonotic spillover of pathogens from animal reservoirs is predicted to increase with rapid anthropogenic changes and global trends such as migration and changing land use. Schistosomiasis currently infects more than 220 million people worldwide, and the multihost Schistosoma spp. system within Africa is a key example of where spillover of animal parasites into human populations has enabled the formation of viable hybrid parasite genotypes. Our study demonstrates how zoonotic spillover and complex interactions between pathogen species, such as parasite hybridization, may have implications such as resilience to current disease control strategies and may facilitate the spread of tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis beyond their original geographical boundaries. Zoonotic spillover and hybridization of parasites are major emerging public and veterinary health concerns at the interface of infectious disease biology, evolution, and control. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of global importance caused by parasites of the Schistosoma genus, and the Schistosoma spp. system within Africa represents a key example of a system where spillover of animal parasites into human populations has enabled formation of hybrids. Combining model-based approaches and analyses of parasitological, molecular, and epidemiological data from northern Senegal, a region with a high prevalence of schistosome hybrids, we aimed to unravel the transmission dynamics of this complex multihost, multiparasite system. Using Bayesian methods and by estimating the basic reproduction number (R0), we evaluate the frequency of zoonotic spillover of Schistosoma bovis from livestock and the potential for onward transmission of hybrid S. bovis × S. haematobium offspring within human populations. We estimate R0 of hybrid schistosomes to be greater than the critical threshold of one (1.76; 95% CI 1.59 to 1.99), demonstrating the potential for hybridization to facilitate spread and establishment of schistosomiasis beyond its original geographical boundaries. We estimate R0 for S. bovis to be greater than one in cattle (1.43; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.85) but not in other ruminants, confirming cattle as the primary zoonotic reservoir. Through longitudinal simulations, we also show that where S. bovis and S. haematobium are coendemic (in livestock and humans respectively), the relative importance of zoonotic transmission is predicted to increase as the disease in humans nears elimination.
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DOI：
10.1086/683173
发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
The American naturalist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fenton A;Streicker DG;Petchey OL;Pedersen AB
通讯作者：
Pedersen AB
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Fenton A;Pedersen AB
通讯作者：
Pedersen AB
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gray DJ;Williams GM;Li Y;McManus DP
通讯作者：
McManus DP
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Borlase A;Webster JP;Rudge JW
通讯作者：
Rudge JW
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Jones KE;Patel NG;Levy MA;Storeygard A;Balk D;Gittleman JL;Daszak P
通讯作者：
Daszak P