Development of impulse control circuitry in children of alcoholics.
Development of impulse control circuitry in children of alcoholics.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.005
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Heitzeg, Mary M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardee, Jillian E.;Weiland, Barbara J.;Nichols, Thomas E.;Welsh, Robert C.;Soules, Mary E.;Steinberg, Davia B.;Zubieta, Jon-Kar;Zucker, Robert A.;Heitzeg, Mary M.
冲动控制的困难在有酒精使用障碍家族史的儿童中会加剧，并且是以后物质问题的危险因素。横断面功能磁共振成像研究表明，改变冲动控制过程中家族史阳性的青少年，但发展轨迹尚未被检查。在7- 12岁的酗酒（FH+; n=43）和对照家庭（FH-; n=30）的儿童中进行纵向fMRI。受试者在功能磁共振成像中每隔1- 2年进行一次去/不去任务，每个受试者进行2-4次扫描。我们在所有受试者中实施了重复测量线性模型拟合，以进行全脑搜索，寻找组间的发育差异。两组的表现都随着年龄的增长而改善，两组之间没有表现差异。在右侧尾状核、中间扣带回和中间额回中发现了与年龄相关的线性激活变化的显著组间差异。事后分析显示，FH−受试者的尾状回和额中回的激活随年龄的增长而显著降低，FH+组的扣带回激活随年龄的增长而显著增加。早在7- 12岁时，组间差异就很明显，即使在酒精和药物初治受试者中也是如此，与基线时的FH−受试者相比，FH+组显示出显著的钝化激活。反应抑制电路的差异早在FH+个体的童年时期就可见;这持续到青春期，显示出与正常反应抑制发展不一致的轨迹。这些模式出现在问题饮酒之前，可能是随后物质问题的一个促成因素。
Difficulty with impulse control is heightened in children with a family history of alcohol use disorders and is a risk factor for later substance problems. Cross-sectional fMRI studies have shown altered impulse control processing in family history positive adolescents, yet developmental trajectories have yet to be examined. Longitudinal fMRI was conducted in children of alcoholic (FH+; n=43) and control families (FH−; n=30) starting at ages 7-12yr. Participants performed a go/no-go task during fMRI at 1- to 2-yr intervals, with 2-4 scans per subject. We implemented a repeated-measures linear model fit across all subjects to conduct a whole-brain search for developmental differences between groups. Performance improved with age in both groups and there were no performance differences between groups. Significant between-group differences in linear age-related activation changes were found in the right caudate, middle cingulate, and middle frontal gyrus. Post-hoc analyses revealed significant activation decreases with age in the caudate and middle frontal gyrus for FH− subjects, and a significant increase with age in middle cingulate activation for the FH+ group. Group differences were evident as early as age 7-12yr, even in alcohol and drug naïve participants, with the FH+ group showing significantly blunted activation compared to FH− subjects at baseline. Differences in response inhibition circuitry are visible as early as childhood in FH+ individuals; this continues into adolescence, displaying trajectories that are inconsistent with normal response inhibition development. These patterns precede problem drinking and may be a contributing factor for subsequent substance problems.
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