Mechanisms Underlying Unconscious Processing and Their Alterations in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Neuroimaging of Zero Monetary Outcomes Contextually Framed as "No Losses" vs. "No Gains".
Mechanisms Underlying Unconscious Processing and Their Alterations in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Neuroimaging of Zero Monetary Outcomes Contextually Framed as "No Losses" vs. "No Gains".
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2020.604867
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Borsook D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elman I;Upadhyay J;Lowen S;Karunakaran K;Albanese M;Borsook D
尽管无意识处理是心理运作的关键要素，但其神经关联尚未确定。此外，临床观察表明，无意识处理可能与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的病理生理学有关，但这种损伤背后的神经生物学机制仍然未知。本研究的目的是检查健康参与者无意识处理的假定机制，并确定这些机制是否可以在 PTSD 患者中改变。 20 名 PTSD 患者和 27 名健康个体在功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 过程中接受了经过验证的命运轮型赌博任务。无意识的处理是通过无意识的上下文框架将零货币结果定义为“无损失”、“无收益”或“中性”而引发的。健康参与者对“无损失”与“无增益”对比的短暂被动视觉处理产生了双侧额叶、颞叶和岛叶皮质以及纹状体激活。组间比较显示，PTSD 患者的左前额叶、左背外侧前额叶、右颞叶和右岛叶皮质以及双侧纹状体的活动较小，而在 PTSD 严重程度较高的患者中，左背外侧前额叶皮质活动更为明显。这些观察表明额叶皮质、颞叶皮质和岛叶皮质以及纹状体参与了货币结果无意识处理的假定机制。此外，我们的结果支持这样的假设：PTSD 与上述过程中涉及的原发性皮质和皮质下改变有关，并且这些改变可能与 PTSD 症状学的某些方面有关。
Although unconscious processing is a key element of mental operation, its neural correlates have not been established. Also, clinical observations suggest that unconscious processing may be involved in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such impairments remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to examine putative mechanisms underlying unconscious processing by healthy participants and to determine whether these mechanisms may be altered in PTSD patients. Twenty patients with PTSD and 27 healthy individuals were administered a validated wheel of fortune-type gambling task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Unconscious processing was elicited using unconscious contextual framing of the zero monetary outcomes as “no loss,” “no gain” or as “neutral.” Brief passive visual processing of the “no loss” vs. “no gain” contrast by healthy participants yielded bilateral frontal-, temporal- and insular cortices and striatal activations. Between-group comparison revealed smaller activity in the left anterior prefrontal-, left dorsolateral prefrontal-, right temporal- and right insular cortices and in bilateral striatum in PTSD patients with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity been more pronounced in those with greater PTSD severity. These observations implicate frontal-, temporal-, and insular cortices along with the striatum in the putative mechanisms underlying unconscious processing of the monetary outcomes. Additionally, our results support the hypothesis that PTSD is associated with primary cortical and subcortical alterations involved in the above processes and that these alterations may be related to some aspects of PTSD symptomatology.
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