How host diversity and abundance affect parasite infections: Results from a whole-ecosystem manipulation of bird activity
How host diversity and abundance affect parasite infections: Results from a whole-ecosystem manipulation of bird activity
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宿主多样性和丰度如何影响寄生虫感染：鸟类活动的整个生态系统操纵的结果
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108683
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Johnson, Pieter T.J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wood, Chelsea L.;Summerside, Margaret;Johnson, Pieter T.J.
随着环境变化导致自由生活物种丰度和多样性的减少，寄生物种至少有两种可能的替代途径。一方面，鉴于寄生虫的生态重要性，多样性丧失可能导致寄生虫数量下降或灭绝，对生态系统过程产生潜在的影响。另一方面，宿主物种的丧失可能会减少干扰病原体传播的非胜任宿主的丰度，或促进“杂草”、高胜任宿主物种的丰度增加，从而加剧传播。虽然许多实验研究已经调查了自由生活物种的变化如何影响单个寄生虫物种的命运，但对生态系统内多个寄生虫分类群的后果知之甚少，这限制了评估可能采取每种替代途径的物种比例的机会。本文介绍了在美国加利福尼亚州中部进行的一项事前-事后控制-影响（BACI）实验的结果，在该实验中，我们在湿地生态系统的尺度上操纵鸟类活动，并跟踪了由此产生的对两栖动物原生动物和后生动物寄生虫的身份和丰度的影响。在8个常见的寄生虫类群中，有4个类群对补鸟处理有负反应，2个类群有正反应，2个类群无显著反应。我们的结论是，在一个单一的生态系统中，自由生活的物种的变化有可能导致一些寄生虫物种的减少，另一些物种的增加，而其他物种的没有变化。疾病生态学迫切需要预测每种影响发生的时间和地点的工具，这将促进侧重于一方面减轻疾病暴发和另一方面防止寄生虫物种灭绝的管理工作。
As environmental change drives reductions in free-living species abundance and diversity, at least two alternative pathways are possible for parasitic species. On one hand, diversity losses could drive parasite population declines or extirpations, with potentially influential effects on ecosystem processes, given parasites' ecological importance. On the other hand, host species loss could reduce the abundance of non-competent hosts that interfere with pathogen transmission or facilitate increases in the abundance of “weedy”, highly competent host species, intensifying transmission. While many experimental studies have investigated how changes in free-living species affect the fate of individual parasite species, comparatively little is known about the consequences across multiple parasite taxa within an ecosystem, limiting opportunities to assess the proportion of species that are likely to take each of the alternative pathways. Here, we present results of a before-after-control-impact (BACI) experiment conducted in central California, USA, in which we manipulated bird activity at the scale of wetland ecosystems and tracked the resulting effects on the identity and abundance of protozoan and metazoan parasites of amphibians. Of the eight common parasite taxa that constituted ~97% of parasite observations, four responded negatively to bird-augmentation treatments, two responded positively, and two exhibited no significant response. We conclude that it is possible, within a single ecosystem, for free-living species change to produce declines in some parasite species, increases in others, and no change in yet other species. Disease ecology urgently needs tools for forecasting when and where each of these effects should occur, which will facilitate management efforts focused on mitigating outbreaks of disease on one hand and preventing extinction of parasite species on the other.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1259504
发表时间：
2015-09-04
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Johnson PT;de Roode JC;Fenton A
通讯作者：
Fenton A
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0116
发表时间：
2017-06-05
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Young HS;McCauley DJ;Dirzo R;Nunn CL;Campana MG;Agwanda B;Otarola-Castillo ER;Castillo ER;Pringle RM;Veblen KE;Salkeld DJ;Stewardson K;Fleischer R;Lambin EF;Palmer TM;Helgen KM
通讯作者：
Helgen KM
空间尺度调节生物多样性与疾病关系的形状
DOI：
10.1101/472902
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
bioRxiv
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. Halliday;Jason Rohr
通讯作者：
Jason Rohr
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Calhoun, D. M.;Leslie, K. L.;Johnson, P. T. J.
通讯作者：
Johnson, P. T. J.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Jongsomjit, Dennis;Stralberg, Diana;Wiens, John
通讯作者：
Wiens, John