Attentional bias for nondrug reward is magnified in addiction.
Attentional bias for nondrug reward is magnified in addiction.
复制标题
不加奖励的注意力偏见会在成瘾中放大。
DOI：
10.1037/a0034575
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Marvel, Cherie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Brian A.;Faulkner, Monica L.;Rilee, Jessica J.;Yantis, Steven;Marvel, Cherie L.
对药物相关刺激的注意偏差在成瘾中起着显著的作用，预测治疗结果。在没有吸毒史的成年人中，注意力偏向也会出现在与非药物奖励配对的刺激上，其程度由视觉工作记忆能力和冲动来预测。我们检验了这一假设，即与健康对照组相比，成瘾与对非药物(金钱)奖励的注意偏向增加有关，并且这种偏向与工作记忆障碍和冲动增加有关。17例阿片依赖患者接受美沙酮维持治疗，17例健康对照。使用Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)测量冲动性，视觉工作记忆容量测量识别短暂呈现的颜色刺激的能力，注意偏差测量视觉搜索任务中无关但先前与奖励相关的干扰引起的反应时间减慢的幅度。结果显示，所有参与者的注意力都偏向于分心物，这与之前的发现相同。重要的是，患者的这种偏见明显大于对照组，并且与视觉工作记忆容量呈负相关。作为一个整体，患者也明显比对照组更冲动。我们的发现表明，接受成瘾治疗的患者更难忽视与非药物奖励相关的刺激。这种与奖赏相关的非特定偏向可能会影响之前在成瘾中观察到的与药物相关的刺激的分心性质。
Attentional biases for drug-related stimuli play a prominent role in addiction, predicting treatment outcome. Attentional biases also develop for stimuli that have been paired with non-drug reward in adults without a history of addiction, the magnitude of which is predicted by visual working memory capacity and impulsiveness. We tested the hypothesis that addiction is associated with an increased attentional bias for non-drug (monetary) reward relative to that of healthy controls, and that this bias is related to working memory impairments and increased impulsiveness. Seventeen patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence and seventeen healthy controls participated. Impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), visual working memory capacity was measured as the ability to recognize briefly presented color stimuli, and attentional bias was measured as the magnitude of response time slowing caused by irrelevant but previously reward-associated distractors in a visual search task. The results showed that attention was biased toward the distractors across all participants, replicating previous findings. Importantly, this bias was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls and was negatively correlated with visual working memory capacity. Patients were also significantly more impulsive than controls as a group. Our findings demonstrate that patients in treatment for addiction experience greater difficulty ignoring stimuli associated with non-drug reward. This non-specific reward-related bias could mediate the distracting quality of drug-related stimuli previously observed in addiction.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hickey C;Chelazzi L;Theeuwes J
通讯作者：
Theeuwes J
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Fukuda K;Vogel EK
通讯作者：
Vogel EK
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Carpenter, KM;Schreiber, E;McDowell, D
通讯作者：
McDowell, D
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1104047108
发表时间：
2011-06-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Anderson, Brian A.;Laurent, Patryk A.;Yantis, Steven
通讯作者：
Yantis, Steven
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Della Libera, Chiara;Chelazzi, Leonardo
通讯作者：
Chelazzi, Leonardo