Blood biomarkers for brain injury: What are we measuring?

Blood biomarkers for brain injury: What are we measuring?
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.009
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发表时间:
2016-09
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Langford, Dianne
Langford, Dianne
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kawata, Keisuke;Liu, Charles Y.;Merkel, Steven F.;Ramirez, Servio H.;Tierney, Ryan T.;Langford, Dianne

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轻度创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)的准确诊断仍然具有挑战性,因为预后和返回游戏/工作决定主要基于患者报告。许多研究已经确定并表征了血液中的细胞因子作为TBI的潜在生物标志物,希望这些因子可用于衡量脑损伤的严重程度。这些潜在的生物标志物都没有在临床环境中使用。TBI的一些最广泛研究的血液生物标志物包括S100β、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、胶质细胞酸性蛋白和Tau。了解这些因素中的每一个的生物学功能可能是在该领域取得进展所必需的。我们要解决的基本问题是:我们在衡量什么?这篇综述将讨论血液生物标志物的细胞来源,正常和病理功能,以及血液水平升高的可能原因。还将讨论潜在生物标志物的选择、评估和验证方面的考虑因素,以及允许脑源性蛋白质在TBI后进入血液的机制,沿着。最后,我们将强调在脑损伤血液生物标志物领域重复性神经创伤的前景和影响。
Accurate diagnosis for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains challenging, as prognosis and return-to-play/work decisions are based largely on patient reports. Numerous investigations have identified and characterized cellular factors in the blood as potential biomarkers for TBI, in the hope that these factors may be used to gauge the severity of brain injury. None of these potential biomarkers have advanced to use in the clinical setting. Some of the most extensively studied blood biomarkers for TBI include S100β, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Tau. Understanding the biological function of each of these factors may be imperative to achieve progress in the field. We address the basic question: what are we measuring? This review will discuss blood biomarkers in terms of cellular origin, normal and pathological function, and possible reasons for increased blood levels. Considerations in the selection, evaluation, and validation of potential biomarkers will also be addressed, along with mechanisms that allow brain-derived proteins to enter the bloodstream after TBI. Lastly, we will highlight perspectives and implications for repetitive neurotrauma in the field of blood biomarkers for brain injury.
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