The task novelty paradox: Flexible control of inflexible neural pathways during rapid instructed task learning.

The task novelty paradox: Flexible control of inflexible neural pathways during rapid instructed task learning.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.009
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发表时间:
2017-10
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Meiran N
Meiran N
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cole MW;Braver TS;Meiran N

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从计算和进化的角度来看,快速指导任务学习(RITL)是人类最卓越的能力之一。 RITL 的一个关键特征是,它可以在任务表示形成后立即追求(和共享)新目标。尽管 RITL 是一种认知控制形式,可以产生巨大的灵活性,但它似乎也会在不适当的环境中产生不灵活的行动计划激活。我们认为,这种“准备反射”效应的出现是因为 RITL 在大脑中作为“灵活枢纽”机制实施,其中来自额顶控制网络的自上而下的影响在执行程序的大脑区域(例如知觉和运动区域)之间重新路由路径。具体来说,我们建议基于 RITL 的主动控制(任务相关功能网络路由的准备偏置)导致不灵活的关联处理,要求以增加反应性(即时)控制的形式进行补偿。因此,RITL 产生了计算权衡,其中灵活中枢的自上而下的影响增加了整体认知灵活性,但代价是暂时局部的不灵活性(准备好的反射效应)。
Rapid instructed task learning (RITL) is one of the most remarkable human abilities, when considered from both computational and evolutionary perspectives. A key feature of RITL is that it enables new goals to be immediately pursued (and shared) following formation of task representations. Although RITL is a form of cognitive control that engenders immense flexibility, it also seems to produce inflexible activation of action plans in inappropriate contexts. We argue that this “prepared reflex” effect arises because RITL is implemented in the brain as a “flexible hub” mechanism, in which top-down influences from the frontoparietal control network reroute pathways among procedure-implementing brain areas (e.g., perceptual and motor areas). Specifically, we suggest that RITL-based proactive control – the preparatory biasing of task-relevant functional network routes – results in inflexible associative processing, demanding compensation in the form of increased reactive (in-the-moment) control. Thus, RITL produces a computational trade-off, in which the top-down influences of flexible hubs increase overall cognitive flexibility, but at the cost of temporally localized inflexibility (the prepared reflex effect).
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