Dietary approaches that delay age-related diseases.
Dietary approaches that delay age-related diseases.
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饮食方法延迟了与年龄有关的疾病。
DOI：
10.2147/ciia.2006.1.1.11
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Le Couteur DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Everitt AV;Hilmer SN;Brand-Miller JC;Jamieson HA;Truswell AS;Sharma AP;Mason RS;Morris BJ;Le Couteur DG
减少低等动物（如大鼠）的食物摄入量可以减轻体重，延缓许多衰老过程，延迟大多数老年疾病的发作，并延长寿命。在健康成人受试者中进行的2-15年的大量食物限制临床试验显示体重、血胆固醇、血糖和血压显著降低，这些是心血管疾病和糖尿病发展的风险因素。通过减轻体重来降低能量平衡的生活方式干预，如体育锻炼，也可以延缓糖尿病和心血管疾病的发展。一般来说，临床试验表明，高热量或高脂肪的饮食沿着超重与心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、某些癌症和痴呆症的风险增加有关。越来越多的文献表明，特定的饮食成分能够影响与年龄有关的疾病的发展，包括某些脂肪（反式脂肪酸、饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪）和胆固醇对心血管疾病的影响，血糖指数和纤维对糖尿病的影响，水果和蔬菜对心血管疾病的影响，以及钙和维生素D对骨质疏松和骨折的影响。此外，还有来自不同功能性食物、草药和营养品的膳食化合物，如人参、坚果、谷物和多酚，可能会影响与年龄有关的疾病的发展。需要长期的前瞻性临床试验来证实这些饮食与疾病的关系。根据目前的研究，延迟与年龄有关的疾病发作的最佳饮食是低热量和饱和脂肪，高全麦谷物，豆类，水果和蔬菜，并保持瘦体重。这样的饮食应该成为健康老龄化的关键组成部分，延缓与年龄有关的疾病，并可能干预衰老过程本身。此外，有研究表明，儿童时期甚至胎儿时期的营养可能会影响衰老疾病的后期发展和寿命。
Reducing food intake in lower animals such as the rat decreases body weight, retards many aging processes, delays the onset of most diseases of old age, and prolongs life. A number of clinical trials of food restriction in healthy adult human subjects running over 2–15 years show significant reductions in body weight, blood cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure, which are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Lifestyle interventions that lower energy balance by reducing body weight such as physical exercise can also delay the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In general, clinical trials are suggesting that diets high in calories or fat along with overweight are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and dementia. There is a growing literature indicating that specific dietary constituents are able to influence the development of age-related diseases, including certain fats (trans fatty acids, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats) and cholesterol for cardiovascular disease, glycemic index and fiber for diabetes, fruits and vegetables for cardiovascular disease, and calcium and vitamin D for osteoporosis and bone fracture. In addition, there are dietary compounds from different functional foods, herbs, and neutraceuticals such as ginseng, nuts, grains, and polyphenols that may affect the development of age-related diseases. Long-term prospective clinical trials will be needed to confirm these diet—disease relationships. On the basis of current research, the best diet to delay age-related disease onset is one low in calories and saturated fat and high in wholegrain cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables, and which maintains a lean body weight. Such a diet should become a key component of healthy aging, delaying age-related diseases and perhaps intervening in the aging process itself. Furthermore, there are studies suggesting that nutrition in childhood and even in the fetus may influence the later development of aging diseases and lifespan.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Ajani, UA;Lotufo, PA;Manson, JE
通讯作者：
Manson, JE
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
ARMSTRONG, B;DOLL, R
通讯作者：
DOLL, R
DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2004.10719344
发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Al-Delaimy, WK;Rimm, EB;Hu, FB
通讯作者：
Hu, FB
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bazzano, LA;He, J;Whelton, PK
通讯作者：
Whelton, PK
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Bazzano, LA;He, J;Whelton, PK
通讯作者：
Whelton, PK