Value-driven attentional priority is context specific.
Value-driven attentional priority is context specific.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-014-0724-0
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Anderson BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson BA
人们的注意力会自动吸引到先前与奖励相关的刺激特征上，这种现象被称为价值驱动的注意力捕获。迄今为止，价值驱动的注意力捕获仅通过在实验环境中操纵刺激奖励意外事件来研究。尽管实用且直观地吸引人，但这种方法对理解奖励对日常生活中注意力的更广泛影响提出了理论上的挑战。这些挑战源于这样一个事实：给定的视觉特征和奖励之间的关联学习并不局限于实验的背景，但在价值驱动注意力的研究中，这种实验外的学习完全被忽略了。那么，通过实验建立的奖励关联是如何影响注意力的，似乎掩盖了之前对特定特征和奖励的了解呢？尽管实验室外的所有干预经验可能会干扰这种学习，但这种实验性学习的效果如何长期持续？这些问题的一个潜在答案是，价值驱动的注意力是特定于上下文的，因此不同的上下文会引发不同的价值先验，注意力系统会使用这些先验来分配优先级。在本研究中，我直接检验了这个假设。结果表明，相同的刺激特征要么会引起注意，要么不会引起注意，这取决于它是否在它出现的环境中得到了专门的奖励。这些发现让我们深入了解多重奖励结构如何以最小的干扰有效地引导注意力。
Attention is automatically drawn to stimulus features previously associated with reward, a phenomenon referred to as value-driven attentional capture. To date, value-driven attentional capture has been studied exclusively by manipulating stimulus–reward contingencies in an experimental setting. Although practical and intuitively appealing, this approach poses theoretical challenges to understanding the broader impact of reward on attention in everyday life. These challenges arise from the fact that associative learning between a given visual feature and reward is not limited to the context of an experiment, yet such extra-experimental learning is completely ignored in studies of value-driven attention. How is it, then, that experimentally established reward associations even influence attention, seemingly overshadowing any prior learning about particular features and reward? And how do the effects of this experimental learning persist over long periods of time, in spite of all the intervening experiences outside of the lab that might interfere with this learning? One potential answer to these questions is that value-driven attention is context specific, such that different contexts evoke different value priors that the attention system uses to assign priority. In the present study, I directly test this hypothesis. The results show that the same stimulus feature either does or does not capture attention, depending on whether it has been rewarded specifically in the context within which it appears. The findings provide insight into how multiple reward structures can efficiently guide attention with minimal interference.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1104047108
发表时间：
2011-06-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Yantis, Steven
影响因子：
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作者：
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