Immense essence of excellence: marine microbial bioactive compounds.
Immense essence of excellence: marine microbial bioactive compounds.
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DOI：
10.3390/md8102673
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发表时间：
2010-10-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kim SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhatnagar I;Kim SK
海洋承载了我们星球上的大部分生物活动。迄今为止，已经从海洋来源中分离出许多具有不同程度作用的生物活性化合物，如抗肿瘤、抗癌、抗微管、抗增殖、细胞毒性、光保护以及抗生素和抗微生物特性。海洋环境也是分离新微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌、微藻-蓝细菌和硅藻）的一个基本上未开发的来源，这些微生物是生物活性次级代谢物的有力生产者。为了揭示海洋微生物（自由生活和共生）的生物活性潜力，已经进行了广泛的研究，结果令人惊讶地多样化和富有成效。这些生物活性的微生物来源的次级代谢产物中的一些具有强的抗细菌和抗真菌活性，被广泛用作抗生素，并且可能对感染性疾病如HIV、多种细菌感染的病症（青霉素、头孢菌素、链霉素和万古霉素）或神经精神后遗症有效。还正在研究海洋微生物生物活性物质的生物物理和生物化学特性、化学结构和生物技术应用的一般方面，及其作为药妆品和营养品的潜在用途。本文综述了海洋微生物植物群作为生物活性代谢产物生产者的最新研究成果和重要研究成果。此外，本文还介绍了利用最新的药物筛选策略获得海洋微生物化合物的一些有效和新颖的方法。
Oceans have borne most of the biological activities on our planet. A number of biologically active compounds with varying degrees of action, such as anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-microtubule, anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, photo protective, as well as antibiotic and antifouling properties, have been isolated to date from marine sources. The marine environment also represents a largely unexplored source for isolation of new microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, microalgae-cyanobacteria and diatoms) that are potent producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Extensive research has been done to unveil the bioactive potential of marine microbes (free living and symbiotic) and the results are amazingly diverse and productive. Some of these bioactive secondary metabolites of microbial origin with strong antibacterial and antifungal activities are being intensely used as antibiotics and may be effective against infectious diseases such as HIV, conditions of multiple bacterial infections (penicillin, cephalosporines, streptomycin, and vancomycin) or neuropsychiatric sequelae. Research is also being conducted on the general aspects of biophysical and biochemical properties, chemical structures and biotechnological applications of the bioactive substances derived from marine microorganisms, and their potential use as cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals. This review is an attempt to consolidate the latest studies and critical research in this field, and to showcase the immense competence of marine microbial flora as bioactive metabolite producers. In addition, the present review addresses some effective and novel approaches of procuring marine microbial compounds utilizing the latest screening strategies of drug discovery.
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